Quantum reflection of bright solitary matter waves from a narrow attractive potential

Marchant, A. L.; Billam, Thomas P.; Yu, M. M. H.; Rakonjac, Ana; Helm, John L.; Polo, J.; Weiß, Christoph; Gardiner, S. A.; Cornish, Simon L.

doi:10.1103/physreva.93.021604

Cited by 58 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 49 publications

(94 reference statements)

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“…Indeed, it is seen that, as the bosons approach the interaction zone 8 with ¹ U 0, a large fraction of them bounce back, with only a small part being able to pass L barr . At the first glance, this behavior is similar to the one induced by the usual linear potential barrier, see, e.g., [25]. However, a crucial difference is that the nonlinear (interaction-induced) barrier in our setting acts only on two-and many-body states.…”

Section: The Flat Repulsive Barriersupporting

confidence: 59%

“…Furthermore, the study of the dynamics of bosonic waves in a continuous geometry opens the way to a novel applications in nonlinear optics [13,14] and plasmas [15]. Scattering of bosonic solitary matter waves on narrow repulsive [16][17][18][19][20][21] and attractive [22,23] potential barriers or wells has been extensively studied in a theoretical form too, suggesting experimental observations of the effect of the quantum reflection [24,25]. In early work [26] and more recently [14,27,28], configurations where effective nonlinear potential barriers or wells are induced by spatially localized two-body interaction have been proposed as a possible mechanism to observe other various forms of the anomalous reflection and splitting [29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Localized-interaction-induced quantum reflection and filtering of bosonic matter in a one-dimensional lattice guide

2016

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We study the dynamics of quantum bosonic waves in a one-dimensional tilted optical lattice. An effective spatially localized nonlinear two-body potential barrier is set at the center of the lattice. This version of the Bose-Hubbard model can be realized in atomic Bose-Einstein condensates, with the help of localized optical Feshbach resonance, controlled by a focused laser beam, and in quantum optics, using an arrayed waveguide with selectively doped guiding cores. Our numerical analysis demonstrates that the central barrier induces anomalous quantum reflection of incident wave packets, which acts solely on bosonic components with multiple onsite occupancies, while single-occupancy components pass the barrier, allowing one to distill them in the interaction zone. As a consequence, in this region one finds a hard-core-like state, in which the multiple occupancy is forbidden. Our results demonstrate that this regime can be attained dynamically, using relatively weak interactions, irrespective of their sign. Physical parameters necessary for the experimental implementation of the setting in ultracold atomic gases are estimated.

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Section: The Flat Repulsive Barriersupporting

confidence: 59%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Localized-interaction-induced quantum reflection and filtering of bosonic matter in a one-dimensional lattice guide

2016

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“…For large negative values of the inter-component scattering length, the impurity is well localized within the soliton. As  g 0 12 , the width of the impurity wave function starts to grow. This effect is investigated further in panel (b), where we compute the effective width (standard deviation) of the impurity, = á ñ ℓ x i 2 as a function of g 12 , for different mass ratios N 2 /N 1 .…”

Section: Single Polaron Ground Statesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the former case, quasi-stable soliton states have been generated, comprising single [8] as well as trains of bright solitons [9,10]. Further work demonstrated bright solitons sensitivity to surface physics in the form of both repulsive [11] and attractive potentials [12]. Understanding the observed stability of these fragile systems has revealed the important role the complex phase of the matter-wave plays in these systems [13,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coherent impurity transport in an attractive binary Bose–Einstein condensate

2019

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We study the dynamics of a soliton-impurity system modeled in terms of a binary Bose-Einstein condensate. This is achieved by 'switching off' one of the two self-interaction scattering lengths, giving a two component system where the second component is trapped entirely by the presence of the first component. It is shown that this system possesses rich dynamics, including the identification of unusual 'weak' dimers that appear close to the zero inter-component scattering length. It is further found that this system supports quasi-stable trimers in regimes where the equivalent single-component gas does not, which is attributed to the presence of the impurity atoms which can dynamically tunnel between the solitons, and maintain the required phase differences that support the trimer state. that the single component focussing nonlinear Schrödinger equation can possess chaotic solutions in the presence of an axial harmonic potential [29,30], as well as the observed interaction induced frequency shift of pairs of trapped bright solitons [31] in the experiment of [13]. Complementary to this, theoretical work has focussed on solitary waves in higher spin systems, revealing the existance of integrable points in the full parameter space of the spin-1 condensate, in the form of so-called 'polar' bright solitons [32,33]. Although solitons are usually studied as the solutions to one-dimensional nonlinear models, there have also been predictions of stable two-dimensional solitary wave solutions in dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates [34,35], where the additional nonlocal nonlinearity provides the stabilizing mechanism for these solitons. Very recently the Jones-Roberts soliton was realized experimentally, a true two-dimensional solitary wave structure [36].The realization of artificial electromagnetism with cold gases, and in particular spin-orbit coupling for Bose-Einstein condensates opens a novel route towards studying nonlinear wave structures. Here, the coupling of the condensates momentum to a quasi-spin leads to stripe-like soliton phases, related to the underlying immiscible phase of these systems [37,38]. Spin-orbit coupling forms a key ingredient in simulating more exotic scenarios, such as Dirac-like equations, where confined solutions have been predicted [39] that resemble their bright soliton cousins in single component condensates.Atomic condensates benefit from being exceptionally pure systems-this in turn allows one to investigate the effects of disorder and defects with an unprecedented level of control. The presence of impurities in ensembles of ultracold matter has led to predictions of impurity-molecules and lattices at the mean-field level [40], as well as the role of many-body correlations for a single impurity out-of-equilibrium [41]. Experimental work has studied the role that spin impurities have in the strongly correlated Tonks-Girardeau limit [42] and also magnetic spin models [43], which have also been the focus of subsequent theoretical investigations [44][45][46]. Complementary to this, recent exper...

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“…For example, the small size of bright solitons has been used in the measurement of quantum reflection from a barrier [10,11]. Because of their dispersion-free propagation, bright solitons are also believed to be good candidates for performing very long time atom interferometry measurements [12] although interactions may cause additional phase shifts [13][14][15][16].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of strongly bound K39 bright solitons

et al. 2016

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We report on the production of 39 K matter-wave bright solitons, i.e., 1D matter-waves that propagate without dispersion thanks to attractive interactions. The volume of the soliton is studied as a function of the scattering length through three-body losses, revealing peak densities as high as ∼ 5 × 10 20 m −3 . Our solitons, close to the collapse threshold, are strongly bound and will find applications in fundamental physics and atom interferometry.PACS numbers: 03.75. Lm, Solitons are one-dimensional wave-packets that propagate with neither change of shape nor loss of energy. They are a consequence of non-linearities that balance wave-packet spreading due to dispersion. They appear in numerous physical systems such as water waves, optical fibers, plasmas, acoustic waves or even in energy propagation along proteins [1]. Solitons are also observed in ultracold quantum gases [2][3][4][5][6]. In this context, matterwave bright solitons are Bose-Einstein condensates that remain bound thanks to mean-field attractive interactions in a one dimensional geometry [2,3].Matter-wave bright solitons are predicted to be a great tool to locally probe rapidly varying forces for example close to a surface [7,8], or probe (surface) bound states [7,9] which do not appear in linear scattering. For example, the small size of bright solitons has been used in the measurement of quantum reflection from a barrier [10,11]. Because of their dispersion-free propagation, bright solitons are also believed to be good candidates for performing very long time atom interferometry measurements [12] although interactions may cause additional phase shifts [13][14][15][16]. Recently, an experiment demonstrated an increased visibility for a soliton atomic interferometer as compared to its non interacting counterpart [17]. The interactions in solitons can also lead to squeezed or entangled states, which could improve the sensitivity of interferometric measurements beyond the shot noise limit [18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. In some cases, the formation of mesoscopic Schrödinger cat states or NOON states is predicted [25][26][27]. A problem in using these states is losses, such as three-body collisions, which are an intrinsic source of decoherence. They can also induce unusual soliton center of mass dynamics [28].Experiments producing and studying matter-wave bright solitons, despite their interest in both applied and fundamental physics, have remained scarce. In fact, only two elements have been turned into bright solitons, 7 Li [2, 3, 29, 30] and 85 Rb [10,31]. In this paper, we describe the production of 39 K solitons in the |F = 1, m F = −1 state using the Feshbach resonance at 561 G [32] and its associated zero-crossing of the scattering length at 504.4 G (see figure 1). We have optimized the setup in order to produce strongly bound solitons, i.e., solitons with a large negative interaction energy. We thus pro- The evaporation to Bose-Einstein condensation takes place at 550 G (red bullet). The magnetic field is then ramped in two steps to 507 G (vi...

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Quantum reflection of bright solitary matter waves from a narrow attractive potential

Cited by 58 publications

References 49 publications

Localized-interaction-induced quantum reflection and filtering of bosonic matter in a one-dimensional lattice guide

Localized-interaction-induced quantum reflection and filtering of bosonic matter in a one-dimensional lattice guide

Coherent impurity transport in an attractive binary Bose–Einstein condensate

Production of strongly bound K39 bright solitons

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