Quantum repeaters: From quantum networks to the quantum internet

Azuma, Koji; Economou, Sophia E.; Elkouss, David; Hilaire, Paul; Jiang, Liang; Lo, Hoi-Kwong; Tzitrin, Ilan

doi:10.1103/revmodphys.95.045006

Cited by 69 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 540 publications

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“…For instance, one such feasibility is in the counterfactual distributed quantum sensing [49,50] and corresponding secure counterparts [51]. This requires more attention to optimization [46] of counterfactual quantum network. We conclude the paper with the hope that this work will lead to the reporting of many such applications and their experimental realizations in the future.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This scheme is unique and possesses certain benefits over the conventional methods of quantum teleportation or remote state preparation of entangled states, as here, the transmission channel does not require any quantum or classical particle to pass through it. The work is also inspired by the idea of combining two rapidly developing and interesting facets of quantum communication: (i) counterfactual quantum communication ( [40,43] and references therein) and (ii) quantum networks ( [45,46] and references therein). In view of the recent successful experimental realizations of counterfactual quantum communication [26,28,[38][39][40], and escalated interest in quantum networks to realize quantum internet for sensing, communication, and computing networks, such investigation of the feasibility of counterfactual quantum network becomes inevitable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantum networks using counterfactual quantum communication

Warke,

Thapliyal,

Pathak

2024

Phys. Scr.

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Counterfactual quantum communication is one of the most interesting facets of quantum communication, allowing two parties to communicate without any transmission of quantum or classical particles between the parties involved in the communication process. This aspect of quantum communication originates from the interaction-free measurements where the chained quantum Zeno effect plays an important role. Here, we propose a new counterfactual quantum communication protocol for transmitting an entangled state from a pair of electrons to two independent photons. Interestingly, the protocol proposed here shows that the counterfactual method can be employed to transfer information from house qubits to flying qubits. Following this, we show that the protocol finds uses in building quantum repeaters leading to a counterfactual quantum network, enabling counterfactual communication over a linear quantum network. 

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum networks using counterfactual quantum communication

Warke,

Thapliyal,

Pathak

2024

Phys. Scr.

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“…Distributing quantum entanglement between quantum memory nodes separated by extended distances 1 , 4 is an important element for the realization of quantum networks, enabling potential applications ranging from quantum repeaters 2 , 5 and long-distance secure communication 6 , 7 to distributed quantum computing 8 , 9 and distributed quantum sensing and metrology 10 , 11 . Proposed architectures require quantum nodes containing multiple long-lived qubits that can collect, store and process information communicated by photonic channels based on telecommunication (telecom) fibres or satellite-based links.…”

Section: Mainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Entanglement of nanophotonic quantum memory nodes in a telecom network

Knaut,

Suleymanzade,

Wei

et al. 2024

Nature

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A key challenge in realizing practical quantum networks for long-distance quantum communication involves robust entanglement between quantum memory nodes connected by fibre optical infrastructure1–3. Here we demonstrate a two-node quantum network composed of multi-qubit registers based on silicon-vacancy (SiV) centres in nanophotonic diamond cavities integrated with a telecommunication fibre network. Remote entanglement is generated by the cavity-enhanced interactions between the electron spin qubits of the SiVs and optical photons. Serial, heralded spin-photon entangling gate operations with time-bin qubits are used for robust entanglement of separated nodes. Long-lived nuclear spin qubits are used to provide second-long entanglement storage and integrated error detection. By integrating efficient bidirectional quantum frequency conversion of photonic communication qubits to telecommunication frequencies (1,350 nm), we demonstrate the entanglement of two nuclear spin memories through 40 km spools of low-loss fibre and a 35-km long fibre loop deployed in the Boston area urban environment, representing an enabling step towards practical quantum repeaters and large-scale quantum networks.

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“…To overcome this challenge, quantum repeaters have been proposed where the distance is divided into shorter segments over which entanglement can be established in a heralded fashion. Once entanglement has been successfully established over the segments, entanglement swapping can extend the entanglement over the total distance [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid Quantum Repeaters with Ensemble-based Quantum Memories and Single-spin Photon Transducers

Borregaard,

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Reliable quantum communication over hundreds of kilometers is a daunting yet necessary requirement for a quantum internet. To overcome photon loss, the deployment of quantum repeater stations between distant network nodes is necessary. A plethora of different quantum hardware is being developed for this purpose, each platform with its own opportunities and challenges. Here, we propose to combine two promising hardware platforms in a hybrid quantum repeater architecture to lower the cost and boost the performance of long-distance quantum communication. We outline how ensemble-based quantum memories combined with single-spin photon transducers, which can transfer quantum information between a photon and a single spin, can facilitate massive multiplexing, efficient photon generation, and quantum logic for amplifying communication rates. As a specific example, we describe how a single Rubidium (Rb) atom coupled to nanophotonic resonators can function as a high-rate, telecom-visible entangled photon source with the visible photon being compatible with storage in a Thulium-doped crystal memory (Tm-memory) and the telecom photon being compatible with low loss fiber propagation. We experimentally verify that Tm and Rb transitions are in resonance with each other. Our analysis shows that by employing up to 9 repeater stations, each equipped with two Tm-memories capable of holding up to 625 storage modes, along with four single Rb atoms, one can reach a quantum communication rate of about 10 secret bits per second across distances of up to 1000 km.

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Quantum repeaters: From quantum networks to the quantum internet

Cited by 69 publications

References 540 publications

Quantum networks using counterfactual quantum communication

Quantum networks using counterfactual quantum communication

Entanglement of nanophotonic quantum memory nodes in a telecom network

Hybrid Quantum Repeaters with Ensemble-based Quantum Memories and Single-spin Photon Transducers

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