Quantum sensing of weak radio-frequency signals by pulsed Mollow absorption spectroscopy

Joas, Timo; Waeber, A. M.; Braunbeck, G.; Reinhard, Friedemann

doi:10.1038/s41467-017-01158-3

Cited by 67 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…They indicate that further experimental improvements would readily yield coherence protected dressed states with inhomogeneous dephasing times approaching the T 1 -limit. Such dressed states have recently been establishes as powerful resources for quantum sensing of GHz fields [28,29]. The efficient tunability and coherence protection we demonstrate here for dressed states offer highly interesting avenues for enhanced sensitivities and phase-tuning of the sensing-frequencies for such sensing schemes.…”

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confidence: 72%

Phase-controlled coherent dynamics of a single spin under closed-contour interaction

et al. 2018

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In three-level quantum systems, interference between two simultaneously driven excitation pathways can give rise to effects such as coherent population trapping 1,2 and electromagnetically induced transparency 3 . The possibility to exploit these effects has made three-level systems a cornerstone of quantum optics. Coherent driving of the third available transition forms a closed-contour interaction (CCI), which yields fundamentally new phenomena, including phase-controlled coherent population trapping 4,5 and phase-controlled coherent population dynamics 6 . Despite attractive prospects, prevalent dephasing in experimental systems suitable for CCI driving has made its observation elusive [7][8][9][10] . Here, we exploit recently developed methods for coherent manipulation of nitrogen-vacancy electronic spins to implement and study highly coherent CCI driving of a single spin. Our experiments reveal phase-controlled quantum interference, reminiscent of electron dynamics on a closed loop threaded by a magnetic flux, which we synthesize from the driving-field phase 11

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confidence: 72%

Phase-controlled coherent dynamics of a single spin under closed-contour interaction

et al. 2018

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“…In this work, we have performed MW field imaging around 2.77-2.97 GHz, however larger dc magnetic fields can be applied to tune the imaging frequency up to hundreds of GHz [16,39,40]. With the addition of a control MW field to perform dynamic decoupling, weak MW fields could be detected up to the 1/T 2 limit [41,42]. With delta-doped NV surface layers, the spatial resolution could be further extended to the sub-micron range [24], or superresolution techniques could be employed to provide resolution down to the nanoscale [43,44].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave Device Characterization Using a Widefield Diamond Microscope

et al. 2018

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Devices relying on microwave circuitry form a cornerstone of many classical and emerging quantum technologies. A capability to provide in-situ, noninvasive and direct imaging of the microwave fields above such devices would be a powerful tool for their function and failure analysis. In this work, we build on recent achievements in magnetometry using ensembles of nitrogen vacancy centers in diamond, to present a widefield microwave microscope with few-micron resolution over a millimeterscale field of view, 130 nT Hz −1/2 microwave amplitude sensitivity, a dynamic range of 48 dB, and sub-ms temporal resolution. We use our microscope to image the microwave field a few microns above a range of microwave circuitry components, and to characterize a novel atom chip design. Our results open the way to high-throughput characterization and debugging of complex, multicomponent microwave devices, including real-time exploration of device operation.Microwave (MW) devices play a critical role in telecommunications, defence, and quantum technologies. Device characterization via high resolution MW field imaging is a long-standing goal [1][2][3], which promises to overcome the limitations of conventional characterization techniques. For example, it is difficult to identify internal features of complex devices using S-parameter measurements of reflection and transmission through external device ports [4,5]. A high-throughput MW imaging method would allow for fast prototype iteration, and for more adventurous development of novel device architectures. Furthermore, MW imaging is of interest for spin-wave imaging in magnonic systems [6,7], is under investigation for medical imaging [8,9], and can be used to characterize materials [10] and biological samples [11]. In recent years, alkali vapor cells with atoms in the ground [12][13][14][15][16] or highly excited Rydberg [17][18][19] states, and nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond [20-23] have shown promise for intrinsically calibrated MW imaging in simple, vacuum-and cryogen-free environments. Ensembles of NVs in a widefield diamond microscope [24][25][26][27][28] provide an excellent balance between the sensitivity and wide field of view (FOV) offered by vapor cells and the nanoscale spatial resolution of single NV centers [29], and so far have been primarily employed for imaging static and low-frequency magnetic fields. In this work, we demonstrate high-throughput widefield diamond microscopy for MW device characterization, enabled by a step-change we have achieved in microscope performance.Our microscope integrates advances in camera speed, experiment control, novel diamond material, laser illu-

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“…In particular, superconducting qubits have been successfully employed as photon sensors due to their high electrical dipole moment. While sensing based on a variety of physical phenomena such as the cross-Kerr effect 14 , occurrence of the Mollow triplet 15 or electromagnetically induced transparency 16 has been shown, these methods are limited to the discrete frequencies of the qubit transitions. An alternative approach operates a qubit as a vector network analyzer, but only works in the MHz regime 17 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amplitude and frequency sensing of microwave fields with a superconducting transmon qudit

et al. 2020

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Experiments with superconducting circuits require careful calibration of the applied pulses and fields over a large frequency range. This remains an ongoing challenge as commercial semiconductor electronics are not able to probe signals arriving at the chip due to its cryogenic environment. Here, we demonstrate how the on-chip amplitude and frequency of a microwave signal can be inferred from the ac Stark shifts of higher transmon levels. In our time-resolved measurements we employ Ramsey fringes, allowing us to detect the amplitude of the systems transfer function over a range of several hundreds of MHz with an energy sensitivity on the order of 10 −4. Combined with similar measurements for the phase of the transfer function, our sensing method can facilitate pulse correction for high fidelity quantum gates in superconducting circuits. Additionally, the potential to characterize arbitrary microwave fields promotes applications in related areas of research, such as quantum optics or hybrid microwave systems including photonic, mechanical or magnonic subsystems.

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Quantum sensing of weak radio-frequency signals by pulsed Mollow absorption spectroscopy

Cited by 67 publications

References 40 publications

Phase-controlled coherent dynamics of a single spin under closed-contour interaction

Phase-controlled coherent dynamics of a single spin under closed-contour interaction

Microwave Device Characterization Using a Widefield Diamond Microscope

Amplitude and frequency sensing of microwave fields with a superconducting transmon qudit

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