Quantum Tunneling Hygrometer with Temperature Stabilized Nanometer Gap

Banerjee, Aishwaryadev; Likhite, Rugved; Kim, Hanseup; Mastrangelo, Carlos H.

doi:10.1038/s41598-020-60484-7

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…A similar nanogap concept was previously used but limited to in-liquid analysis and detection of bio-molecules such as proteins and DNA [8]- [14]. We previously introduced the concept for quantum tunneling based gas sensing with preliminary results [15]- [21]. This paper reports the detailed proof-of-concept results of a new family of ultra-low power nano air-gap sensors based on molecular bridge formation across nanogap electrodes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Molecular bridge-mediated ultralow-power gas sensing

et al. 2021

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We report the electrical detection of captured gases through measurement of the quantum tunneling characteristics of gas-mediated molecular junctions formed across nanogaps. The gas-sensing nanogap device consists of a pair of vertically stacked gold electrodes separated by an insulating 6 nm spacer (~1.5 nm of sputtered α-Si and ~4.5 nm ALD SiO2), which is notched ~10 nm into the stack between the gold electrodes. The exposed gold surface is functionalized with a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of conjugated thiol linker molecules. When the device is exposed to a target gas (1,5-diaminopentane), the SAM layer electrostatically captures the target gas molecules, forming a molecular bridge across the nanogap. The gas capture lowers the barrier potential for electron tunneling across the notched edge region, from ~5 eV to ~0.9 eV and establishes additional conducting paths for charge transport between the gold electrodes, leading to a substantial decrease in junction resistance. We demonstrated an output resistance change of >108 times upon exposure to 80 ppm diamine target gas as well as ultralow standby power consumption of <15 pW, confirming electron tunneling through molecular bridges for ultralow-power gas sensing.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…A similar nanogap concept was previously used but limited to in-liquid analysis and detection of biomolecules such as proteins and DNA [8][9][10][11][12][13][14] . We previously introduced the concept for quantum tunneling-based gas sensing with preliminary results [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular bridge-mediated ultralow-power gas sensing

et al. 2021

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“…Kim et al have recently developed a novel sensing technique for highly sensitive biosensing based on the quantum-tunneling effect using nanogap break-junctions [ 198 , 199 , 200 , 201 , 202 , 203 , 204 , 205 , 206 ]. Furthermore, Mastrangelo et al have also been responsible for developing zero-power and highly sensitive polymeric sensors for VOC detection [ 207 , 208 , 209 , 210 , 211 , 212 , 213 ].…”

Section: Nano-biosensors For Cancer Detection and Future Prospectimentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanostructures for Biosensing, with a Brief Overview on Cancer Detection, IoT, and the Role of Machine Learning in Smart Biosensors

Banerjee

Maity

Mastrangelo

2021

Sensors

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Biosensors are essential tools which have been traditionally used to monitor environmental pollution and detect the presence of toxic elements and biohazardous bacteria or virus in organic matter and biomolecules for clinical diagnostics. In the last couple of decades, the scientific community has witnessed their widespread application in the fields of military, health care, industrial process control, environmental monitoring, food-quality control, and microbiology. Biosensor technology has greatly evolved from in vitro studies based on the biosensing ability of organic beings to the highly sophisticated world of nanofabrication-enabled miniaturized biosensors. The incorporation of nanotechnology in the vast field of biosensing has led to the development of novel sensors and sensing mechanisms, as well as an increase in the sensitivity and performance of the existing biosensors. Additionally, the nanoscale dimension further assists the development of sensors for rapid and simple detection in vivo as well as the ability to probe single biomolecules and obtain critical information for their detection and analysis. However, the major drawbacks of this include, but are not limited to, potential toxicities associated with the unavoidable release of nanoparticles into the environment, miniaturization-induced unreliability, lack of automation, and difficulty of integrating the nanostructured-based biosensors, as well as unreliable transduction signals from these devices. Although the field of biosensors is vast, we intend to explore various nanotechnology-enabled biosensors as part of this review article and provide a brief description of their fundamental working principles and potential applications. The article aims to provide the reader a holistic overview of different nanostructures which have been used for biosensing purposes along with some specific applications in the field of cancer detection and the Internet of things (IoT), as well as a brief overview of machine-learning-based biosensing.

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“…In recent decades, miniaturized humidity sensors have been realized using various transduction methods [1,2,3,4,5,6,7] for a wide range of applications such as improving indoor comfort in homes and automobiles, humidity monitoring in semiconductor processing facilities [8], food processing industries [9], medical facilities [10] and, Internet-of-Things (IoT) based frameworks [11]. The push for the need for low-power chemical sensors [12,13,14] has been quite strong due to the growing importance of IoT sensor nodes across the world.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parametrically Amplified Low-Power MEMS Capacitive Humidity Sensor

Likhite

Banerjee

Majumder

et al. 2019

Sensors

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We present the design, fabrication, and response of a polymer-based Laterally Amplified Chemo-Mechanical (LACM) humidity sensor based on mechanical leveraging and parametric amplification. The device consists of a sense cantilever asymmetrically patterned with a polymer and flanked by two stationary electrodes on the sides. When exposed to a humidity change, the polymer swells after absorbing the analyte and causes the central cantilever to bend laterally towards one side, causing a change in the measured capacitance. The device features an intrinsic gain due to parametric amplification resulting in an enhanced signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Eleven-fold magnification in sensor response was observed via voltage biasing of the side electrodes without the use of conventional electronic amplifiers. The sensor showed a repeatable and recoverable capacitance change of 11% when exposed to a change in relative humidity from 25–85%. The dynamic characterization of the device also revealed a response time of ~1 s and demonstrated a competitive response with respect to a commercially available reference chip.

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Quantum Tunneling Hygrometer with Temperature Stabilized Nanometer Gap

Cited by 12 publications

References 31 publications

Molecular bridge-mediated ultralow-power gas sensing

Molecular bridge-mediated ultralow-power gas sensing

Nanostructures for Biosensing, with a Brief Overview on Cancer Detection, IoT, and the Role of Machine Learning in Smart Biosensors

Parametrically Amplified Low-Power MEMS Capacitive Humidity Sensor

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