Quantum turbulence

Donnelly, Russell J.; Swanson, Charles E.

doi:10.1017/s0022112086001210

Cited by 84 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…In this series of articles, we shall be concerned almost exclusively with superfluid 4 He, the B-phase of superfluid 3 He, and, to a lesser extent, with ultracold atomic gases. These systems exist as fluids at temperatures on the order of a Kelvin, milliKelvin, and microKelvin, respectively.…”

Section: Quantum Fluidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introduction to quantum turbulence

Barenghi

Skrbek

Sreenivasan

2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

284

264

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The term quantum turbulence denotes the turbulent motion of quantum fluids, systems such as superfluid helium and atomic Bose-Einstein condensates, which are characterized by quantized vorticity, superfluidity, and, at finite temperatures, two-fluid behavior. This article introduces their basic properties, describes types and regimes of turbulence that have been observed, and highlights similarities and differences between quantum turbulence and classical turbulence in ordinary fluids. Our aim is also to link together the articles of this special issue and to provide a perspective of the future development of a subject that contains aspects of fluid mechanics, atomic physics, condensed matter, and low-temperature physics.Turbulence is a spatially and temporally complex state of fluid motion. Five centuries ago, Leonardo da Vinci noticed that water falling into a pond creates eddies of motion. Today, turbulence still provides physicists, applied mathematicians, and engineers with a continuing challenge. Leonardo realized that the motion of water shapes the landscape. Today's researchers appreciate that many physical processes, from the generation of the Galactic magnetic field to the efficiency of jet engines, depend on turbulence.The articles in this collection are devoted to a special form of turbulence known as quantum turbulence (1-3), which appears in quantum fluids. Quantum fluids differ from ordinary fluids in three respects: (i) they exhibit two-fluid behavior at nonzero temperature or in the presence of impurities, (ii) they can flow freely, without the dissipative effect of viscous forces, and (iii) their local rotation is constrained to discrete vortex lines of known strength (unlike the eddies in ordinary fluids, which are continuous and can have arbitrary size, shape, and strength). Superfluidity and quantized vorticity are extraordinary manifestations of quantum mechanics at macroscopiclength scales.Recent experiments have highlighted quantitative connections, as well as fundamental differences, between turbulence in quantum fluids and turbulence in ordinary fluids (classical turbulence). The relation between the two forms of turbulence is indeed a common theme in the articles collected here. Because different scientific communities (lowtemperature physics, condensed-matter physics, fluid dynamics, and atomic physics) have contributed to progress in quantum turbulence, † the aim of this article is to introduce the main ideas in a coherent way. Quantum FluidsIn this series of articles, we shall be concerned almost exclusively with superfluid 4 He, the B-phase of superfluid 3 He, and, to a lesser extent, with ultracold atomic gases. These systems exist as fluids at temperatures on the order of a Kelvin, milliKelvin, and microKelvin, respectively.‡ Their constituents are either bosons (such as 4 He atoms with zero spin) or fermions (such as 3 He atoms with spin 1/2). This difference is fundamental: the former obey Bose-Einstein statistics and the latter Fermi-Dirac quantum statistics.Let us consider an...

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Section: Quantum Fluidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introduction to quantum turbulence

Barenghi

Skrbek

Sreenivasan

2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

284

264

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“…The dense three dimensional system can also be compared to thermally excited vortices in liquid helium. Quantum vortices are observed experimentally in liquid helium [52] [117] [147], and are thought to drive a phase transition in the system [59] [127] [143] [145] [131] [86]. The XY model, which is believed to represent helium at the lambdatransition, has been simulated in spin variables in three dimensions [75] [53] [85], and in vortex variables in 2!…”

Section: Overview Of the Thesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thermally excited vortices are conjectured to underly the lambda transition of 4 He from a superfluid to a normal phase [59] [52]. Vortices have also been shown to play a role in the analogous transition in the three-dimensional XY model [86].…”

Section: Vortex Equilibria and Phase Transitionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…turbulence in the fluid [52] [59]. Thermal effects cause a phase transition in liquid helium known as the lambda transition which divides the superfluid phase from the normal fluid phase.…”

Section: Chapter 1 Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6.18 Size of a lone loop vs. number of links Turbulence is also of interest in quantum systems such as super:fluid helium. Superfluids exhibit motions which are not subject to viscous energy loss; a super:flow once started will continue indefinitely [52] [139] [121]. This phenomena is of particular interest for its relation to resistanceless electric currents in superconductors [140] [104] [30].…”

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Phase transitions and connectivity in three-dimensional vortex equilibria

Akao¹

1994

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An asymptotic analysis is performed for the energy and entropy scaling of the system as functions of the system size and the lattice spacing. These estimates indicate that the infinite temperature line is a phase boundary between small scale fractal vortices and large scale smooth vortices. A suggestion is made that quantum vortices have uniform structure on the scale of the lattice spacing and lie in the positive temperature regime, while classical vortices have uniform structure on the scale of the domain and lie in the negative temperature regime.

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Route to turbulence in a trapped Bose-Einstein condensate

Seman¹,

Henn²,

Shiozaki³

et al. 2011

Laser Phys. Lett.

116

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We have studied a Bose-Einstein condensate of 87 Rb atoms under an oscillatory excitation. For a fixed frequency of excitation, we have explored how the values of amplitude and time of excitation must be combined in order to produce quantum turbulence in the condensate. Depending on the combination of these parameters different behaviors are observed in the sample. For the lowest values of time and amplitude of excitation, we observe a bending of the main axis of the cloud. Increasing the amplitude of excitation we observe an increasing number of vortices. The vortex state can evolve into the turbulent regime if the parameters of excitation are driven up to a certain set of combinations. If the value of the parameters of these combinations is exceeded, all vorticity disappears and the condensate enters into a different regime which we have identified as the granular phase. Our results are summarized in a diagram of amplitude versus time of excitation in which the different structures can be identified. We also present numerical simulations of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation which support our observations.

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Quantum turbulence

Cited by 84 publications

References 53 publications

Introduction to quantum turbulence

Introduction to quantum turbulence

Phase transitions and connectivity in three-dimensional vortex equilibria

Route to turbulence in a trapped Bose-Einstein condensate

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