Quantum wave–particle superposition in a delayed-choice experiment

Wang, Kai; Xu, Qian; Zhu, Shining; Ma, Xiaosong

doi:10.1038/s41566-019-0509-0

Cited by 35 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The theory here not only has been proved by the current experiments, e.g., Refs. [28,29], but also gives the more direct theoretical explanations to the current experiments, e.g., Refs. [28,29].…”

Section: Discussion Summary and Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Principle of Self-adaptive Emergence of Wave-particle Duality, Solution to Crisis of a Particle’s Simultaneously Passing Double Slits and Objective Criteria Distinguishing Classical and Quantum Particles

Huang¹,

Huang²,

Nie³

2020

Preprint

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This paper uncovers that quantum uncertain principle makes the single particle with global property have no certain path, and then wave of quantum particle can simultaneously do pass the double slits. The two subwaves after passing Young’s double slits are entanglement, they may form interference of subwaves. Consequently, we find a kind of quantum probabilistic entanglements with Wheeler's delayed choice. Quantum particles such as photons, electrons, neutrons, protons etc mean that wave of the quantum particle can simultaneously do pass through Young's double slits, rather than individual quantum particle may pass through Young's double slits at the same time. When considering wave property, we cannot consider particle property (Just as in the photoelectric effect, considering the particle nature of the system, people cannot consider wave property, otherwise the photoelectric effect cannot appear). Therefore, this paper discovers that the ability of single photon to hit electrons out in photoelectric effect is complementarily equivalent to the ability of wave of the single photon to simultaneously pass through Young's double slits in wave-particle duality. Objective criteria for distinguishing classical and quantum particles are discovered and objectively give the applicable realm of quantum mechanics for the first time. The crisis of the single particle’s simultaneously passing through Young's double slits, which has been plaguing physicists in the whole world up to now for decades, is solved, in which the studies are classified as classical and quantum particles, the classical particle and quantum particle wave cannot and can pass the Young’s slits, respectively. This paper discovers both the new physics mechanism of passing the double slits of the wave with the amplitude of 4-dimensional momentum representation wave function reflecting particle nature and the principle of self-adaptive emergence of wave-particle duality, and then using the principle, this paper gives both direct explanations to the current experiments and new predictions of new some experiments for wave-particle duality. All the deduced results here are consistent with all relevant physics experiments.

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Section: Discussion Summary and Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Principle of Self-adaptive Emergence of Wave-particle Duality, Solution to Crisis of a Particle’s Simultaneously Passing Double Slits and Objective Criteria Distinguishing Classical and Quantum Particles

Huang¹,

Huang²,

Nie³

2020

Preprint

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“…In Fig. 1 c, we adopt a modified version of the quantum-controlled delayed-choice experiment, recently proposed by Ionicioiu and Terno 42 and implemented in several double-path experiments 12 – 15 . By introducing a quantum-controlled BS that is in a coherent superposition of presence and absence, it represents a controllable experiment platform that can reveal wave or particle character, and their intermediate character 42 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The observation of 2-path wave-particle transition is consistent with the results in refs. 13 – 15 . In contrast, in the d -path experiments (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wheeler further proposed a Gedanken experiment 7 , in which the choice of particle or interference measurement is made after the object has already entered the interferometer, so as to exclude the possibility of predicting with which measurement it will be confronted. Delayed-choice experiments have enabled significant demonstrations of the genuine two-path duality of different quantum objects 8 – 15 . Moreover, a quantitative description of two-slit duality relation was initialized in Wootters and Zurek’s seminal work 6 and then formalized by Greenberger, Yasin, Jaeger, and Englert 16 – 18 as , where is the distinguishability of which-path information (a measure of particle-property), and is the contrast visibility of interference (a measure of wave-property).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A generalized multipath delayed-choice experiment on a large-scale quantum nanophotonic chip

et al. 2021

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Bohr’s complementarity is one central tenet of quantum physics. The paradoxical wave-particle duality of quantum matters and photons has been tested in Young’s double-slit (double-path) interferometers. The object exclusively exhibits wave and particle nature, depending measurement apparatus that can be delayed chosen to rule out too-naive interpretations of quantum complementarity. All experiments to date have been implemented in the double-path framework, while it is of fundamental interest to study complementarity in multipath interferometric systems. Here, we demonstrate generalized multipath wave-particle duality in a quantum delayed-choice experiment, implemented by large-scale silicon-integrated multipath interferometers. Single-photon displays sophisticated transitions between wave and particle characters, determined by the choice of quantum-controlled generalized Hadamard operations. We characterise particle-nature by multimode which-path information and wave-nature by multipath coherence of interference, and demonstrate the generalisation of Bohr’s multipath duality relation. Our work provides deep insights into multidimensional quantum physics and benchmarks controllability of integrated photonic quantum technology.

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“…For simplicity,

are usually denoted as

and

, which are states of the QBS’s position degree of freedom (DOF). Such a configuration leads to a quantum superposition of particle-state and wave-state [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ]. Surprisingly, the interference between these two states violates the relation in Equation ( 1 ) [ 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wave-Particle Duality Relation with a Quantum Which-Path Detector

Wang

Ding

et al. 2021

Entropy

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According to the relevant theories on duality relation, the summation of the extractable information of a quanton’s wave and particle properties, which are characterized by interference visibility V and path distinguishability D, respectively, is limited. However, this relation is violated upon quantum superposition between the wave-state and particle-state of the quanton, which is caused by the quantum beamsplitter (QBS). Along another line, recent studies have considered quantum coherence C in the l1-norm measure as a candidate for the wave property. In this study, we propose an interferometer with a quantum which-path detector (QWPD) and examine the generalized duality relation based on C. We find that this relationship still holds under such a circumstance, but the interference between these two properties causes the full-particle property to be observed when the QWPD system is partially present. Using a pair of polarization-entangled photons, we experimentally verify our analysis in the two-path case. This study extends the duality relation between coherence and path information to the quantum case and reveals the effect of quantum superposition on the duality relation.

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Quantum wave–particle superposition in a delayed-choice experiment

Cited by 35 publications

References 36 publications

Principle of Self-adaptive Emergence of Wave-particle Duality, Solution to Crisis of a Particle’s Simultaneously Passing Double Slits and Objective Criteria Distinguishing Classical and Quantum Particles

Principle of Self-adaptive Emergence of Wave-particle Duality, Solution to Crisis of a Particle’s Simultaneously Passing Double Slits and Objective Criteria Distinguishing Classical and Quantum Particles

A generalized multipath delayed-choice experiment on a large-scale quantum nanophotonic chip

Wave-Particle Duality Relation with a Quantum Which-Path Detector

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Quantum wave–particle superposition in a delayed-choice experiment

Cited by 35 publications

References 36 publications

Principle of Self-adaptive Emergence of Wave-particle Duality, Solution to Crisis of a Particle&rsquo;s Simultaneously Passing Double Slits and Objective Criteria Distinguishing Classical and Quantum Particles

Principle of Self-adaptive Emergence of Wave-particle Duality, Solution to Crisis of a Particle&rsquo;s Simultaneously Passing Double Slits and Objective Criteria Distinguishing Classical and Quantum Particles

A generalized multipath delayed-choice experiment on a large-scale quantum nanophotonic chip

Wave-Particle Duality Relation with a Quantum Which-Path Detector

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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Principle of Self-adaptive Emergence of Wave-particle Duality, Solution to Crisis of a Particle’s Simultaneously Passing Double Slits and Objective Criteria Distinguishing Classical and Quantum Particles

Principle of Self-adaptive Emergence of Wave-particle Duality, Solution to Crisis of a Particle’s Simultaneously Passing Double Slits and Objective Criteria Distinguishing Classical and Quantum Particles