2003
DOI: 10.1603/0022-0493-96.4.1340
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Quarantine Control of Hessian Fly (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in Exported Hay: A New Treatment for Large-Size, Polypropylene Fabric-Wrapped Bales and a 3-d Fumigation for Compressed Standard Bales

Abstract: Hessian fly puparia (37,167), Mayetiola destructor (Say), did not survive a large-scale commercial test (three freight containers) of a new quarantine treatment using compression (32 kg/cm2) and hydrogen phosphide fumigation (61 g/28.2 m3) for large-size, polypropylene fabric-wrapped bales of hay exported to Japan. Mean +/- SEM temperatures in the large-size bales in different locations in the freight containers ranged from 18.0 +/- 0.9 to 26.0 +/- 1.3 degrees C during the 7-d test conducted in a heated buildi… Show more

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Cited by 4 publications
(7 citation statements)
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“…The residues were slightly higher in some individual samples than in the previously reported test (Ͻ10 ppb) (Yokoyama and Miller 2003), and they were probably related to the higher sustained fumigant concentrations at the lower temperatures used in this test. Based on our results, hay that is compressed and fumigated in largesize, polypropylene fabric-wrapped bales is safe for use as animal feed.…”
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confidence: 60%
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“…The residues were slightly higher in some individual samples than in the previously reported test (Ͻ10 ppb) (Yokoyama and Miller 2003), and they were probably related to the higher sustained fumigant concentrations at the lower temperatures used in this test. Based on our results, hay that is compressed and fumigated in largesize, polypropylene fabric-wrapped bales is safe for use as animal feed.…”
contrasting
confidence: 60%
“…The fumigant concentrations observed in this largescale commercial test with large-size, polypropylene fabric-wrapped bales (Table 2) were lower during the Þrst 3 d and higher after 7 d than in the previously reported test (Yokoyama and Miller 2003) that ranged from 367 to 425 and from 253 to 407, respectively. Fumigation temperatures in this test were lower and did not ßuctuate as in the previous test, producing a slow increase and sustained concentration of fumigant in the freight containers that probably supported high insect mortality.…”
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confidence: 52%
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“…Bale compression combined with hydrogen phosphide fumigation has been shown to cause complete mortality of high numbers of experimental Hessian ßy puparia, the life stage of regulatory concern (Yokoyama et al, 1993a,b, 1994a,b, 1996, 1999, Yokoyama and Miller 2003Yokoyama 2011). A multiple quarantine treatment for compressed bales, Þlm-wrapped compressed bales (Yokoyama et al 1999), and large-size, polypropylene fabric-wrapped bales (Yokoyama 2011) was approved by the U.S. and foreign regulatory agencies for control of Hessian ßy.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%