Quartz crystal microbalance studies of deposition and dissolution mechanisms of electrochromic films of diheptylviologen bromide

Mixed ion transfer in redox processes of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)

“…According to studies on the EQCM technique by both Ostrom and Buttry [1] and Deakin and Melroy [11], the current is an instantaneous measure of the reactant flux at the electrode surface, and the change of frequency is an integrated value of the total delivery of reactant to the surface. The current can therefore be related to the derivative of the frequency with respect to potential (time) in a cyclic voltammetric experiment [1] All the parameters have the same meaning as in [1] (j ¼ current density; E ¼ electrode potential; v ¼ scan rate; n ¼ number of electrons transferred in the deposition process; F ¼ Faraday constant; M w ¼ the apparent molar mass of all the species deposited; C ¼ the proportionality constant, i.e. the system calibration constant).…”

“…A combination of quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) and electrochemical techniques is a very powerful way to investigate interfacial processes at surfaces of thin films during an electrochemical reaction [1]. By using the electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) technique, the electrochemically driven changes in the surface concentration of different species can be monitored by recording the mass change at the electrode.…”

EQCM Characterization of Self-Assembled Kinetics of 4-Pyridyl Hydroquinone at Pt Surface and Its Ion Transfer in Electrochemical Redox

“…(Here only transportation of single species was considered while immigration and emigration of different ions should have been considered also.) The revised equations for calculation of molar mass based upon the change of resonant frequency (Df in Hz) and the integral charge (Q in C) during ) which has the same meaning as those in the previous studies [20,21]. n e and n i (in mole) represent the molar amount of emigrating and immigrating counter ions, respectively.…”

Ionic Interactions in Electroactive Self-Assembled Monolayers of Ferrocene Species.

“…Also shown are values of MWapp which is the apparent molecular weight of the species undergoing transport. It is calculated from the electrochemical charge and the frequency (mass) change during oxidation, and can be thought of as the mass which is transported for each electron extracted from the monolayer (7,13). In a solution containing CI-, MWapp would have a value of 35.5 g mol-1 if the oxidation caused incorporation of exactly one anion for each electron extracted.…”