Quartz types, authigenic and detrital, in the Upper Cretaceous Eagle Ford Formation, South Texas, USA

Milliken, Kitty L.; Ergene, Suzan Muge; Ozkan, Aysen

doi:10.1016/j.sedgeo.2016.03.012

Cited by 123 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…It is worth noting that other ‘brittle minerals’ (for example, albite, carbonate minerals, etc.) are also found as authigenic phases in many other mudrock successions, such as the Upper Jurassic mudrock succession, English Channel, France (Tribovillard et al ., ) and Upper Cretaceous Eagle Ford Formation, South Texas, United States (Milliken et al ., ). These authigenic ‘brittle minerals’ could also be a factor that influences rock mechanic behaviour if they are the dominant authigenic minerals that are found distributed throughout the matrix and binding silt‐size particles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…As a result, the MRH‐derived UCS of the sample from 2457·5 m is 790 HLD, much higher than MRH‐derived 581 HLD UCS of the sample from 2459·5 m. The form of quartz significantly impacts rock properties in the Cline Shale: widely distributed intergranular clay‐size microquartz cement is a major factor controlling rock strength. This conclusion from the Cline Shale is consistent with the study of Rocky Mountain foreland basin Cretaceous siliceous Mowry Shale (Milliken & Olson, ), South Texas passive shelf Cenomanian–Turonian calcareous Eagle Ford Shale (Milliken et al ., ) and siliceous samples in the East European craton Lower Silurian mudrock succession of Poland and Lithuania (Milliken et al ., ). Thus, the aforementioned conclusion seems to be widely applicable for mudrock successions variable in geological age, tectonic background and lithology.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, the calculated microquartz cement content is a reasonable estimation of the actual authigenic microquartz cement content. A similar contrast between XRD‐derived total quartz and point‐count‐derived total quartz is also observed in the Mississippian Barnett Formation (Bunting & Breyer, ), Cretaceous Mowry Shale (Milliken & Olson, ) and Eagle Ford Group (Milliken et al ., ).…”

Section: Bulk Quartz Contentmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Quartz is one of the volumetrically significant minerals in fine‐grained sedimentary rocks (Blatt & Schultz, ; Dean et al ., ). Authigenic quartz has been identified in organic‐rich mudrocks of different ages, such as the Devonian–Mississippian Bakken and Woodford formations (Fishman et al ., , ), the Mississippian Barnett Formation (Milliken et al ., ), the Permian Wolfcamp Formation (Baumgardner et al ., ), the Jurassic Haynesville‐Bossier Formation (Dowey & Taylor, , ) and the Cretaceous Eagle Ford Group (Milliken et al ., ). Furthermore, authigenic quartz occurs in a variety of forms in mudrocks, such as intergranular cement and grain replacement (Milliken et al ., , ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Authigenic quartz has been identified in organic‐rich mudrocks of different ages, such as the Devonian–Mississippian Bakken and Woodford formations (Fishman et al ., , ), the Mississippian Barnett Formation (Milliken et al ., ), the Permian Wolfcamp Formation (Baumgardner et al ., ), the Jurassic Haynesville‐Bossier Formation (Dowey & Taylor, , ) and the Cretaceous Eagle Ford Group (Milliken et al ., ). Furthermore, authigenic quartz occurs in a variety of forms in mudrocks, such as intergranular cement and grain replacement (Milliken et al ., , ). Because quartz has diverse origins and takes diverse forms in mudrock systems (Milliken & Olson, ), bulk quartz content conveys little information on primary depositional environment, potential diagenetic pathways, mechanisms of porosity reduction and rock mechanical‐property evolution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Quartz types in the Upper Pennsylvanian organic‐rich Cline Shale (Wolfcamp D), Midland Basin, Texas: Implications for silica diagenesis, porosity evolution and rock mechanical properties

Peng

Milliken

2020

Sedimentology

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Associate Editor -Catherine Reid ABSTRACTThe origin and form of quartz in mudrocks has significant implications for interpretation of depositional environments, diagenetic pathways, mechanisms of porosity reduction and rock mechanical-property evolution. Quartz types in the Upper Pennsylvanian Cline Shale, Midland Basin, Texas, were examined using a combination of field-emission scanning electron microscopy-based energy-dispersive spectroscopy elemental mapping (to determine mineralogy) and scanning electron microscopy-based cathodoluminescence imaging (to determine quartz types) with the goal of elucidating a high-resolution imaging protocol at the micrometre scale for shale petrology. Also, the unconfined compressive rock strength of shale samples with contrasting proportions of different quartz types was measured using Equotip Bambino analyses. The results suggest that extrabasinal detrital quartz, which accounts for an average of 26 vol.% of the rock in all analyzed samples, is the dominant form of quartz in the Cline Shale. The intergranular clay-size microquartz, which accounts for an average of 10 vol.% of the rock in all analyzed samples, is the dominant form of authigenic quartz. Dissolved radiolarians and sponge spicules are likely sources of silica for clay-size microquartz and other authigenic quartz showing pale-mauve to dark greyish cathodoluminescence colour. Some authigenic quartz in the form of intragranular pore filling and mollusc skeletal replacement displays bright-reddish cathodoluminescence colour, which may be associated with silica released at a different time in the rock's diagenetic history, such as during smectite illitization. Porosity reduction in the Cline Shale predominantly resulted from compaction because of extremely low intergranular volume and the general lack of early cementation. Quartz form significantly impacts rock mechanical properties in the Cline Shale: widely distributed intergranular clay-size microquartz cement is a major factor controlling rock strength. This correlation also applies to other mudrock successions of various geological ages, tectonic histories and lithologies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Bulk Quartz Contentmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Quartz types in the Upper Pennsylvanian organic‐rich Cline Shale (Wolfcamp D), Midland Basin, Texas: Implications for silica diagenesis, porosity evolution and rock mechanical properties

Peng

Milliken

2020

Sedimentology

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Mudrock Components and the Genesis of Bulk Rock Properties

Milliken

Hayman

2019

Geophysical Monograph Series

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Source analysis of quartz from the Upper Ordovician and Lower Silurian black shale and its effects on shale gas reservoir in the southern Sichuan Basin and its periphery, China

Han

Jiang

et al. 2018

Geological Journal

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A major breakthrough in shale gas exploration and development has been made concerning the black shale of the Upper Ordovician and Lower Silurian. In recent years, significant progresses have been made regarding the exploration and development of shale gas in the black shale of the Upper Ordovician and Lower Silurian. Accordingly, we investigated the petrological and geochemical characteristics of the black shale from WF2‐LM5 graptolite biozones and performed a source analysis of quartz as well as evaluated its effect on shale gas reservoirs. The black shale mainly contains clay, carbonate, and quartz with the average TOC of 2.21%. Three quartz types, Q1, Q2, and Q3, were identified via petrological and cathodoluminescence (CL) analysis. Q1 of detrital origin as suggested by its typical morphology with monocrystal structure, large grain‐size, subrounded to angular outlines, and clear edges. This is further supported by the occurrence of medium luminescence under cathodoluminescence and medium intensity of P1 and P2 and high intensity P3 according to CL images. Q2 accounts for more than 90% of quartz and exhibits cryptocrystalline texture, an irregular shape, blurring edges, and low luminescence, and its CL images show low intensity P1, low intensity P2, and high intensity P3. Q3 have the morphologies of siliceous organisms, for example, sponge spicules, radiolaria, and foraminifera. Q2 and Q3 belong to authigenic quartz derived from siliceous organisms. Th/U and V/Cr indicate black shale from LM1–3 mainly deposited in the dysoxic‐anoxic environment while black shale from LM4–5 deposited in the oxic environment. Authigenic quartz‐rich shales from LM1–3 were speculated to be the best shale gas reservoirs characterized by high TOC content, high gas content, and with negligible amount of detrital quartz. Compared with shale from LM1–3, black shale from LM4–5 usually have relatively high detrital quartz content and low TOC content and gas content. Considering the abundant interparticle pore space, the detrital quartz‐rich shale interbedded within the black shale from LM4–5, could also become good shale gas reservoirs if sufficient gas supply is guaranteed.

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Quartz types, authigenic and detrital, in the Upper Cretaceous Eagle Ford Formation, South Texas, USA

Cited by 123 publications

References 35 publications

Quartz types in the Upper Pennsylvanian organic‐rich Cline Shale (Wolfcamp D), Midland Basin, Texas: Implications for silica diagenesis, porosity evolution and rock mechanical properties

Quartz types in the Upper Pennsylvanian organic‐rich Cline Shale (Wolfcamp D), Midland Basin, Texas: Implications for silica diagenesis, porosity evolution and rock mechanical properties

Mudrock Components and the Genesis of Bulk Rock Properties

Source analysis of quartz from the Upper Ordovician and Lower Silurian black shale and its effects on shale gas reservoir in the southern Sichuan Basin and its periphery, China

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