We review the underlying algebraic structures of supergravity theories with symmetric scalar manifolds in five and four dimensions, orbits of their extremal black hole solutions and the spectrum generating extensions of their U-duality groups. For 5D, N = 2 Maxwell-Einstein supergravity theories (MESGT) defined by Euclidean Jordan algebras ,J, the spectrum generating symmetry groups are the conformal groups Conf (J) of J which are isomorphic to their U-duality groups in four dimensions. Similarly, the spectrum generating symmetry groups of 4D, N = 2 MESGTs are the quasiconformal groups QConf (J) associated with J that are isomorphic to their U-duality groups in three dimensions. We then review the work on spectrum generating symmetries of spherically symmetric stationary 4D BPS black holes, based on the equivalence of their attractor equations and the equations for geodesic motion of a fiducial particle on the target spaces of corresponding 3D supergravity theories obtained by timelike reduction. We also discuss the connection between harmonic superspace formulation of 4D , N = 2 sigma models coupled to supergravity and the minimal unitary representations of their isometry groups obtained by quantizing their quasiconformal realizations. We discuss the relevance of this connection to spectrum generating symmetries and conclude with a brief summary of more recent results. Table 2: Above we list the orbits of spherically symmetric stationary BPS black hole solutions in 5D MESGTs defined by Euclidean Jordan algebras J of degree three. U-duality and stability groups are given by the Lorentz ( reduced structure ) and rotation ( automorphism) groups of J.SO(9) R ⊕ Γ (1,n−1) SO(n − 1, 1) × SO(1, 1)/SO(n − 2, 1) SO(n − 2)M 5 = M 4 = M 3 = J Str 0 (J) / Aut (J) Conf (J) / Str (J) QConf(F(J))/ Conf (J) × SU (2)