Quasi-planar ICME sheath: A cause of the first two-step extreme geomagnetic storm of the 25th solar cycle observed on 23 April 2023

Ghag, Kalpesh; Raghav, Anil; Bhaskar, Ankush; Soni, Shirsh Lata; Sathe, Bhagyashri; Shaikh, Zubair; Dhamane, Omkar; Tari, Prathmesh

doi:10.1016/j.asr.2024.03.011

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Concurrently, as the pressure increased due to the CME, the Bz turned southward, reaching ∼−8 nT, where this southward orientation of the interplanetary magnetic field indicated an enhanced interaction between the solar wind and Earth's magnetosphere. The duration of the geomagnetic stormʼs main phase can be described by the length of time or duration the Bz component remains negative (Tang et al 1989;Ghag et al 2024). An earlier study revealed that as the Bz becomes more negative, the Dst value also tends to be high, indicating intense geomagnetic storms (Rathore et al 2014;David et al 2022).…”

Section: Case Study Of the Impact Of Geomagnetic Storms On Ddynmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Comprehensive Classification and Analysis of Geomagnetic Storms Over Solar Cycle 24

Raja Halim Shah,

Abdul Hamid,

Abdullah

et al. 2024

Res. Astron. Astrophys.

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A geomagnetic storm is a global disturbance of Earth’s magnetosphere, occurring as a result of the interaction with magnetic plasma ejected from the Sun. Despite considerable research, a comprehensive classification of storms for a complete solar cycle has not yet been fully developed, as most previous studies have been limited to specific storm types. This study, therefore, attempted to present complete statistics for solar cycle 24, detailing the occurrence of geomagnetic storm events and classifying them by type of intensity (moderate, intense, and severe), type of complete interval (normal or complex), duration of the recovery phase (rapid or long), and the number of steps in the storm’s development. The analysis applied data from ground-based magnetometers, which measured the Dst index as provided by the World Data Center for Geomagnetism, Kyoto, Japan. This study identified 211 storm events, comprising moderate (177 events), intense (33 events), and severe (1 event) types. About 36% of ICME and 23% of CIR are found to be geoeffective, that caused geomagnetic storms. Up to four-step development of geomagnetic storms was exhibited during the main phase for this solar cycle. Analysis showed the geomagnetic storms developed one or more steps in the main phase, which were probably related to the driver that triggered the geomagnetic storms. A case study was additionally conducted to observe the variations of the ionospheric disturbance dynamo (Ddyn) phenomenon that resulted from the geomagnetic storm event of July 13, 2015. The attenuation of the Ddyn in the equatorial region was analysed using the H component of geomagnetic field data from stations in the Asian sector (Malaysia and India). The variations in the Ddyn signatures were observed at both stations, with the TIR station (India) showing higher intensity than the LKW station (Malaysia).

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Section: Case Study Of the Impact Of Geomagnetic Storms On Ddynmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Review of past literature revealed that geomagnetic storms were observed to frequently develop in two-steps during the main phase (Kamide et al 1998;Ghag et al 2024).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Classification and Analysis of Geomagnetic Storms Over Solar Cycle 24

Raja Halim Shah,

Abdul Hamid,

Abdullah

et al. 2024

Res. Astron. Astrophys.

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On the Most Interesting Solar-Wind and Cosmic-Ray Events in February–April 2023

Belov,

Shlyk,

Abunina

et al. 2024

Sol Phys

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Global Observations of Geomagnetically Induced Currents Caused by an Extremely Intense Density Pulse During a Coronal Mass Ejection

Liu,

Shi,

Hartinger

et al. 2024

Space Weather

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A variety of magnetosphere‐ionosphere current systems and waves have been linked to geomagnetic disturbance (GMD) and geomagnetically induced currents (GIC). However, since many location‐specific factors control GMD and GIC intensity, it is often unclear what mechanisms generate the largest GMD and GIC in different locations. We address this challenge through analysis of multi‐satellite measurements and globally distributed magnetometer and GIC measurements. We find embedded within the magnetic cloud of the 23–24 April 2023 coronal mass ejection (CME) storm there was a global scale density pulse lasting for 10–20 min with compression ratio of . It caused substantial dayside displacements of the bow shock and magnetopause, changes of and , respectively, which in turn caused large amplitude GMD in the magnetosphere and on the ground across a wide local time range. At the time this global GMD was observed, GIC measured in New Zealand, Finland, Canada, and the United States were observed. The GIC were comparable (within factors of 2–2.5) to the largest ever recorded during 14 year monitoring intervals in New Zealand and Finland and represented 2‐year maxima in the United States during a period with several Kp7 geomagnetic storms. Additionally, the GIC measurements in the USA and other mid‐latitude locations exhibited wave‐like fluctuations with 1–2 min period. This work suggests that large density pulses in CME should be considered an important driver of large amplitude, global GMD and among the largest GIC at mid‐latitude locations, and that sampling intervals are required to capture these GMD/GIC.

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Quasi-planar ICME sheath: A cause of the first two-step extreme geomagnetic storm of the 25th solar cycle observed on 23 April 2023

Cited by 5 publications

References 65 publications

A Comprehensive Classification and Analysis of Geomagnetic Storms Over Solar Cycle 24

A Comprehensive Classification and Analysis of Geomagnetic Storms Over Solar Cycle 24

On the Most Interesting Solar-Wind and Cosmic-Ray Events in February–April 2023

Global Observations of Geomagnetically Induced Currents Caused by an Extremely Intense Density Pulse During a Coronal Mass Ejection

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