The three-period minimal surface (TPMS) metal porous structure represents a novel design suitable for lightweight and multifunctional applications. This study designed three types of TPMS porous structures: Diamond, Gyroid, and Primitive, and investigated their deformation behavior through finite element simulation. Results indicate that the Gyroid structure demonstrates exceptional mechanical properties and energy absorption, achieving a strength limit of 186.44 MPa. The Gyroid porous structure exhibits a uniform layer-by-layer fracture pattern with a fracture zone at a 45° angle to the direction of pressure loading at 30% strain. Conversely, at 20% strain, the Diamond and Primitive porous structures exhibit initial shear band failures at the unit cell junctions.