Quasi-static compressive response of compression molded glass microballoon/HDPE syntactic foam

Jayavardhan, M.L.; Doddamani, Mrityunjay

doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2018.04.039

Cited by 74 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“… 25 Mechanical, surface, electrical, and magnetic properties can be altered using such fillers. 2 , 26 The most commonly used fillers are Al 2 O 3 , 27 glass, 28 iron particles, 29 carbon, and glass fibers. 30 Hollow spherical particles, such as fly ash and glass micro balloons (GMBs) as fillers in the matrix, were investigated using conventional processing methods wherein higher tooling cost and complex geometrical design restrictions pose many challenges.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By changing the volume % of these hollow fillers in the matrix, tailor-made properties can be achieved for many different applications. 26 , 36 Achieving these properties depends on particle survival in these lightweight foams and processing methods used for synthesizing them. 2 , 37 Developing a lightweight filament with minimum to no particle breakage should significantly enhance specific properties in 3DP of the components for weight-sensitive applications such as in nose cones of remotely operated underwater vehicles or even printing the entire body in the tubular design form with all the internal structural details all at once.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Three-Dimensional Printed Lightweight Composite Foams

et al. 2020

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The goal of this paper is to enable three-dimensional (3D) printed lightweight composite foams by blending hollow glass microballoons (GMBs) with high density polyethylene (HDPE). To that end, lightweight feedstock for printing syntactic foam composites is developed. The blend for this is prepared by varying the GMB content (20, 40, and 60 volume %) in HDPE for filament extrusion, which is subsequently used for 3D printing. The rheological properties and the melt flow index (MFI) of blends are investigated for identifying suitable printing parameters. It is observed that the storage and loss modulus, as well as complex viscosity, increase with increasing GMB content, whereas MFI decreases. Further, the coefficient of thermal expansion of HDPE and foam filaments decreases with increasing GMB content, thereby lowering the thermal stresses in prints, which promotes the reduction in warpage. The mechanical properties of filaments are determined by subjecting them to tensile tests, whereas 3D printed samples are tested under tensile and flexure tests. The tensile modulus of the filament increases with increasing GMB content (8–47%) as compared to HDPE and exhibit comparable filament strength. 3D printed foams show a higher specific tensile and flexural modulus as compared to neat HDPE, making them suitable candidate materials for weight-sensitive applications. HDPE having 60% by volume GMB exhibited the highest modulus and is 48.02% higher than the printed HDPE. Finally, the property map reveals a higher modulus and comparable strength against injection- and compression-molded foams. Printed foam registered 1.8 times higher modulus than the molded samples. Hence, 3D printed foams have the potential for replacing components processed through conventional manufacturing processes that have limitations on geometrically complex designs, lead time, and associated costs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-Dimensional Printed Lightweight Composite Foams

et al. 2020

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“…Polymeric syntactic foams have been widely used in load bearing components and buoyancy units due to their excellent properties including good chemical resistance, high specific strength, long durability, and excellent energy dissipation capacity. Their applications can be found in automotive, aerospace, marine, and construction sectors . Embedded hollow microspheres strongly determine the overall properties of syntactic foams.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their applications can be found in automotive, aerospace, marine, and construction sectors. [1][2][3] Embedded hollow microspheres strongly determine the overall properties of syntactic foams. Thus, various types of hollow microspheres have been reported in the previous studies, such as glass, 4,5 polymeric, 6 carbon, 7 and ceramic 8 microspheres.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is thus necessary to understand the failure process in order to optimize the design of the foam. Under quasi-static compressive loading, three main failure modes have been identified in polymeric syntactic foams: (1) shear fracture in the diagonal of the specimen (nearly 45 to the loading axis), 20 (2) longitudinal splitting failure along the loading direction, 21 and (3) layered crushing resulting from failure of some specific weak planes in the transverse direction. 22 The influencing factors of the failure process include the aspect ratio of specimens, the properties of constituents and the applied loading rates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The 3D failure process in polymeric syntactic foams with different cenosphere volume fractions

Huang

Liu

et al. 2019

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The previous work (Huang and Li, Compos. Part B, 2015) proposed the failure mechanism in syntactic foams with low and high hollow microsphere volume fractions, based on the finite element simulation of localized stresses in the foam. In this work, in situ X‐ray microtomography of uniaxial compression tests was performed to provide the direct experimental evidence to the proposed mechanism by tracking the internal three‐dimensional failure process in epoxy syntactic foams with different cenosphere volume fractions (V). It was found that for both the low and high V, microcracks initiate in the matrix in the top and bottom of crushed cenospheres where the tensile stress concentrates, and then propagate longitudinally to become macrocracks. Increasing the cenosphere volume fraction also leads to the formation of matrix microcracks in the connection zone where the stress concentrates significantly; the matrix microcracks thus propagate diagonally and longitudinally in the high V foam. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47491.

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Water absorption in hollow glass microsphere composites under hydrostatic pressure: Mechanisms and influencing parameters

et al. 2023

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Hollow glass microsphere composites, or syntactic foams, are widely used in marine environments due to their buoyancy. However, in service, loss of buoyancy occurs along time. This behavior is attributed to water absorption that leads to a mass increase of the material. This study investigates the water absorption of three types of syntactic foams under hydrostatic pressure with density ranging from 0.59 to 0.74 g. cm−3. Water absorption measurements are performed for a maximal duration of 3 years and under hydrostatic pressure up to 700 bars. Results show that water absorption is much higher than expected and attributed to the filling of microspheres that collapse over time. Based on results presented here, prediction of water absorption syntactic foams is proposed including the impact of applied hydrostatic pressure. This prediction allows estimating the buoyancy loss in hollow glass microsphere composite as a function of time, depth and sample size.

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Quasi-static compressive response of compression molded glass microballoon/HDPE syntactic foam

Cited by 74 publications

References 33 publications

Three-Dimensional Printed Lightweight Composite Foams

Three-Dimensional Printed Lightweight Composite Foams

The 3D failure process in polymeric syntactic foams with different cenosphere volume fractions

Water absorption in hollow glass microsphere composites under hydrostatic pressure: Mechanisms and influencing parameters

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