Pituitary tumors often called adenomas, mainly come from the anterior pituitary and in about 90% of cases secrete large quantities of one or more pituitary hormones, which leads to changes in homeostasis and the occurence of specific endocrine diseases such as acromegaly, a lactorrhea-amenorrhea syndrome, a Cushing's disease, etc. The clinical picture of both hormone-secreting and non-secreting pituitary tumors can also be caused by their germination of their interconnected structure of the pituitary gland, parasellar areas with impaired brain function.
The etiology of pituitary tumors is still unknown. This is largely due to the difficulties in choosing a method of treatment of a tumor. Although most pituitary adenomas are benign and relatively slow-growing formations, it should be remembered that about 50% of tumors can grow quite quickly, penetrating through the Dura mater into the parasellar region. Quite rarely, pituitary tumors are malignant. In this case, they metastasize to the subarachnoid space, brain and other organs.
The emergence of new methods of topical diagnosis and biochemical studies makes it possible to verify the presence of pituitary tumors at the stages of microadenoma.'This, in turn, allows for a more effective impact on them until the patient is completely cured, including the termination of hypersection, restoration of pituitary function and prevention of relapse of the disease. The main methods of treatment of pituitary adenomas are medication, radiation therapy, adenomectomy, as well as their combined use.