Quasigeostrophic Dynamics of the Tropopause

Juckes, Martin

doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1994)051<2756:qdott>2.0.co;2

Cited by 108 publications

(120 citation statements)

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“…However, it applies to a control surface at the top of the lowermost stratosphere and is only partly relevant for the mass transport at the tropopause level [Egger, 1996;Haynes et al, 1996], where other processes contribute to control STE, e.g. the relationship with the momentum transport in the troposphere [Juckes, 1997[Juckes, , 1994. As the isentropes intersect the tropopause in the extratropics, transport across the tropopause can occur in both directions [Chen, 1995] and on timescales of only a few days.…”

Section: Ste In the Extratropicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stratosphere‐troposphere exchange: A review, and what we have learned from STACCATO

et al. 2003

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[1] This paper provides a review of stratosphere-troposphere exchange (STE), with a focus on processes in the extratropics. It also addresses the relevance of STE for tropospheric chemistry, particularly its influence on the oxidative capacity of the troposphere. After summarizing the current state of knowledge, the objectives of the project Influence of Stratosphere-Troposphere Exchange in a Changing Climate on Atmospheric Transport and Oxidation Capacity (STACCATO), recently funded by the European Union, are outlined. Several papers in this Journal of Geophysical ResearchAtmospheres special section present the results of this project, of which this paper gives an overview. STACCATO developed a new concept of STE in the extratropics, explored the capacities of different types of methods and models to diagnose STE, and identified their various strengths and shortcomings. Extensive measurements were made in central Europe, including the first monitoring over an extended period of time of beryllium-10 ( 10 Be), to provide a suitable database for case studies of stratospheric intrusions and for model validation. Photochemical models were used to examine the impact of STE on tropospheric ozone and the oxidizing capacity of the troposphere. Studies of the present interannual variability of STE and projections into the future were made using reanalysis data and climate models.

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Section: Ste In the Extratropicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stratosphere‐troposphere exchange: A review, and what we have learned from STACCATO

et al. 2003

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“…Following Hoskins et al (1985) and Juckes (1994), the dynamic tropopause has been defined here as the position at which |PV| =2 PVU. As discussed above, it is necessary to introduce a cap on the dynamic tropopause in the deep Tropics.…”

Section: The Dynamic Tropopausementioning

confidence: 99%

A global blended tropopause based on ERA data. Part I: Climatology

Wilcox

Hoskins

Shine

2011

Quart J Royal Meteoro Soc

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“…When the tropopause is anomalously low, a positive tropospheric potential vorticity (PV) anomaly is created, reflecting the much higher values of PV in the stratosphere than in the troposphere. This PV anomaly induces cyclonic winds decaying towards the Earth's surface (Juckes, 1994), which, to the east of the displaced tropopause, advect warm and moist air from lower latitudes poleward and upward ( Figure 1).…”

Section: Motivation: a Criterion For The Occurrence Of Deep (Surface-mentioning

confidence: 99%

A new mechanism for ocean–atmosphere coupling in midlatitudes

Czaja¹,

Blunt²

2011

Quart J Royal Meteoro Soc

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The role of moist convection in 'transferring' upward surface ocean conditions throughout the troposphere is studied using reanalysis data for the extratropical Northern and Southern Hemispheres in winter. It is found that conditions for the development of a convective air column from the sea surface to the tropopause are met frequently over all major western boundary currents and their extension in the oceanic interior (sometimes for as much as 50% of the time). These frequent occurrences are shown to be jointly controlled by oceanic advection of warm waters and, on the atmospheric side, the downward displacement of the tropopause associated with synoptic weather systems.Based on these results, it is proposed that the oceans can influence the atmosphere directly through convection in midlatitudes, as is commonly thought to occur in the Tropics. Analysis of the Richardson number R i found at low levels suggests that moist symmetric instability (0 < R i ≤ 1) is a key process involved in linking surface ocean temperatures to atmospheric lapse rates, in addition to standard upright convection. These low R i processes are not currently parametrized in climate models, which raises the possibility that the extratropical oceanic influence on climate might be underestimated in the current generation of models. Copyright c 2011 Royal Meteorological Society Key Words: convection; air-sea interactions; midlatitude climate variability

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Quasigeostrophic Dynamics of the Tropopause

Cited by 108 publications

References 0 publications

Stratosphere‐troposphere exchange: A review, and what we have learned from STACCATO

Stratosphere‐troposphere exchange: A review, and what we have learned from STACCATO

A global blended tropopause based on ERA data. Part I: Climatology

A new mechanism for ocean–atmosphere coupling in midlatitudes

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