Quaternary ammonium disinfectants: microbial adaptation, degradation and ecology

Tezel, Ulaş; Pavlostathis, Spyros G.

doi:10.1016/j.copbio.2015.03.018

Cited by 319 publications

(229 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…In addition to metals, there are increasing evidences of the ability of other non-antibiotic agents (e.g., detergents and disinfectants) to select ARGs (Gaze et al, 2011;Wellington et al, 2013;Forbes et al, 2016;Hartmann et al, 2016). One example of particular concern is the promoter role of quaternary ammonium compound (widely used detergent and disinfectant) in antibiotic resistance coselection through either gene cluster on integrons (Gaze et al, 2011) or the overexpression of common efflux pumps (Tezel and Pavlostathis, 2015). Therefore, identifying all potential coselection agents and their roles in antibiotic resistance dissemination in humanassociated environment is necessary, which will contribute to risk assessment of antibiotic resistance under current clinical/environmental management.…”

Section: Transfer Potential Of Args and Mrgsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-occurrence of antibiotic and metal resistance genes revealed in complete genome collection

2016

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The high frequency of antibiotic resistance is a global public health concern. More seriously, widespread metal pressure in the environment may facilitate the proliferation of antibiotic resistance via coselection of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and metal resistance genes (MRGs). Given the lack of comprehensive understanding of the ARG and MRG coselection, in this study both abundance relationship and genetic linkage between ARGs and MRGs were rigorously investigated by performing a genomic analysis of a large complete genome collection. Many more ARGs were enriched in human-associated bacteria compared with those subjected to less anthropogenic interference. The signatures of ARG and MRG co-occurrence were much more frequent and the distance linkages between ARGs and MRGs were much more intimate in human pathogens than those less human-associated bacteria. Moreover, the co-occurrence structures in the habitat divisions were significantly different, which could be attributed to their distinct gene transfer potentials. More exogenous ARGs and MRGs on the genomes of human pathogens indicated the importance of recent resistance acquisition in resistome development of human commensal flora. Overall, the study emphasizes the potential risk associated with ARG and MRG coselection of both environmental and medical relevance.

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Section: Transfer Potential Of Args and Mrgsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-occurrence of antibiotic and metal resistance genes revealed in complete genome collection

2016

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“…In food production environments, L. monocytogenes efflux pumps also do not confer resistance to disinfectants at the concentrations commonly used. In resistant strains, the MICs of BAC (10 to 20 mg/liter) ( Table 3) were much lower than the concentrations used in practice (200 mg/liter or greater) (17,59); thus, QACs are still considered an effective way to control BAC r strains of L. monocytogenes (22). Regardless, the observed changes may be of concern, as efflux pumps can presumably reduce the intracellular concentration of antimicrobials to sublethal levels, enabling bacteria to survive longer than predicted on the basis of the MIC for that particular organism (60).…”

Section: Bacmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The indiscriminate use of QACs in a wide range of environments has raised concerns about the resulting selection of QACresistant bacteria (59). However, scientific evidence of the environmental development of resistance to QACs is limited, and the information is often difficult to interpret and compare (61).…”

Section: Bacmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Connection between Persistent, Disinfectant-Resistant Listeria monocytogenes Strains from Two Geographically Separate Iberian Pork Processing Plants: Evidence from Comparative Genome Analysis

Ortiz

López-Alonso

Rodríguez³

et al. 2016

Appl Environ Microbiol

101

100

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The aim of this study was to investigate the basis of the putative persistence of Listeria monocytogenes in a new industrial facility dedicated to the processing of ready-to-eat (RTE) Iberian pork products. Quaternary ammonium compounds, which included benzalkonium chloride (BAC), were repeatedly used as surface disinfectants in the processing plant. Clean and disinfected surfaces were sampled to evaluate if resistance to disinfectants was associated with persistence. Of the 14 isolates obtained from product contact and non-product contact surfaces, only five different pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) types were identified during the 27-month study period. Two of these PFGE types (S1 and S10-1) were previously identified to be persistent and BAC-resistant (BAC r ) strains in a geographically separate slaughterhouse belonging to the same company. The remaining three PFGE types, which were first identified in this study, were also BAC r . Whole-genome sequencing and in silico multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis of five BAC r isolates of the different PFGE types identified in this study showed that the isolate of the S1 PFGE type belonged to MLST sequence type 31 (ST31), a low-virulence type characterized by mutations in the inlA and prfA genes. The isolates of the remaining four PFGE types were found to belong to MLST ST121, a persistent type that has been isolated in several countries. The ST121 strains contained the BAC resistance transposon Tn6188. The disinfection-resistant L. monocytogenes population in this RTE pork product plant comprised two distinct genotypes with different multidrug resistance phenotypes. This work offers insight into the L. monocytogenes subtypes associated with persistence in food processing environments. Listeria monocytogenes is a Gram-positive bacterium of the phylum Firmicutes. Often found in raw foods, L. monocytogenes bacteria can cause the life-threatening disease listeriosis. Most cases of human listeriosis appear to be caused by ready-to-eat (RTE) foods, and the risk of illness increases with the number of cells ingested and with RTE foods that support the growth of L. monocytogenes (1). Processed foods can be contaminated by contact with equipment, by the handling of raw products by staff, or from postprocessing environmental niches in which L. monocytogenes can survive despite the routine use of thorough disinfection procedures (2, 3). Mechanisms that facilitate the survival of L. monocytogenes in food processing environments include biofilm formation (4, 5), acquisition of antimicrobial resistance (6-10), and stress resistance mechanisms (11,12).L. monocytogenes is capable of colonizing food production plants with certain subtypes that are found only in specific sections of the plants (13, 14). Furthermore, some of these subtypes may persist in food processing environments for years (15-17). Persistent strains have been identified to be major postprocessing contaminants of RTE foods, and in many cases, listeriosis outbreaks have been associated with cases of p...

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“…1991; Nishiyama et al, 1995;Oh et al, 2014;Tezel & Pavlostathis, 2015;Zhang et al, 2015), and for this reason, the effective degradation of cationic surfactants is necessary to protect the environment. In particular, Pseudomonas putida A (ATCC 12633) is able to mineralize TTAB and BAC, and offers promising opportunities for the efficient biological removal of these and other predominant QACs found in engineered and natural systems (Liffourrena et al, 2008;Lucchesi et al, 2010;Bergero & Lucchesi, 2013.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Release of outer membrane vesicles in Pseudomonas putida as a response to stress caused by cationic surfactants

et al. 2016

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Release of outer membrane vesicles inPseudomonas putida A (ATCC 12633), a degrader of cationic surfactants, releases outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) when grown with tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TTAB) as the sole carbon, nitrogen and energy source. The OMVs exhibit a bilayer structure and were found to be composed of lipopolysaccharides, proteins and phospholipids (PLs) such as cardiolipin, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidic acid and phosphatidylglycerol (PG). The OMVs showed a marked increase in the PG content, approximately 43 % higher than the amount registered in the parent cells from which the vesicles were derived. After growth of P. putida with TTAB, the amount of lipoprotein covalently cross-linked to the peptidoglycan showed a twofold decrease when compared with values found after growth without the surfactant [16¡2 and 28¡3 mg (mg cell envelope protein) 21, respectively]. This decrease in the amount of lipoprotein can be related to areas of loss of contact between the outer membrane and the peptidoglycan and, therefore, to OMV production. In addition, due to its amphiphilic nature, TTAB can contribute to OMV biogenesis, through a physical mechanism, by induction of the curvature of the membrane. Taking into account that OVMs were produced when the cells were grown under external stress, caused by the surfactant, and that TTAB was detected in the vesicles [48 nmol TTAB (nmol PL) 21], we concluded that this system of TTAB elimination is a mechanism that P. putida A (ATCC 12633) would utilize for alleviating stress caused by cationic surfactants.

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Quaternary ammonium disinfectants: microbial adaptation, degradation and ecology

Cited by 319 publications

References 58 publications

Co-occurrence of antibiotic and metal resistance genes revealed in complete genome collection

Co-occurrence of antibiotic and metal resistance genes revealed in complete genome collection

The Connection between Persistent, Disinfectant-Resistant Listeria monocytogenes Strains from Two Geographically Separate Iberian Pork Processing Plants: Evidence from Comparative Genome Analysis

Release of outer membrane vesicles in Pseudomonas putida as a response to stress caused by cationic surfactants

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