Quaternary fluvial history of the Delaware River, New Jersey and Pennsylvania, USA: The effects of glaciation, glacioisostasy, and eustasy on a proglacial river system

Stanford, Scott D.; Witte, Ron W.; Braun, Duane D; Ridge, John C.

doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2016.04.002

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…Several lines of evidence suggest an MIS 6 age. In the Delaware River valley, the intermediate glaciofluvial deposit forms a terrace that is preserved in several bench-like erosional remnants against the valley wall ~10 m higher than the LGM plain in the narrow valley from north of Easton to Trenton (Ridge et al, 1992; Stanford et al, 2016). The terrace grades topographically to fluvial terraces in the Trenton area (“upper terrace” of Stanford et al, 2016) that in turn are onlapped by an estuarine deposit south of Trenton (Stanford et al, 2016) (see Fig.…”

Section: Intermediate Glaciationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This estuarine deposit (Cape May Formation, unit 2 of Newell et al, 2000) forms a coastal terrace with a top elevation of +8 m and is dated to MIS 5 by amino-acid racemization (AAR) ratios of shells in the deposit in the Delaware Bay area of southern New Jersey (Lacovara, 1997; Wehmiller and Pellerito, 2015). Both the upper fluvial terrace and the Cape May Formation, unit 2 estuarine deposit are inset by a younger, lower nonglacial fluvial terrace deposit dated by radiocarbon to MIS 3 (36–33 cal ka) (“lower terrace” of Stanford et al, 2016). The upper and lower fluvial terraces and the Cape May Formation, unit 2 are themselves all inset into an older, higher estuarine deposit with a top elevation of +20 m (Cape May Formation, unit 1 of Newell et al, 1995; renumbered to Cape May Formation, unit 3 in Newell et al, 2000) of MIS 9 or 11 age, as dated by AAR in the Delaware Bay area (Lacovara, 1997; O'Neal et al, 2000; Wehmiller and Pellerito, 2015).…”

Section: Intermediate Glaciationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 and Table 1). In the Delaware River valley near Lambertville, New Jersey, organic silt under 5 m of glaciofluvial sand and pebble gravel dates to 27.8 cal ka (Stanford et al, 2016) (site 3, see Fig. 1 and Table 1).…”

Section: Lgm Glaciationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similar nonglacial fluvial deposits of MIS 4 age may be present in western Long Island as part of the Herod Gravel of Fuller (1914), which overlies the Gardiners Clay, or the Merrick Formation, which underlies the Wantagh Formation. Unit 3 of the Cape May Formation (Newell et al, 1995, renumbered to unit 1 in Newell et al, 2000) crops out only in southern New Jersey at elevations of less than 4 m (Stanford et al, 2016). Ages of MIS boundaries (at left) are from Lisiecki and Raymo (2005).…”

Section: Intermediate Glaciationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chronology of Laurentide glaciation in New Jersey and the New York City area, United States

et al. 2020

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Deposits of at least three glaciations are present in New Jersey and the New York City area. The oldest deposits are magnetically reversed. Pollen and stratigraphic relations suggest that they are from the earliest Laurentide advance at ~2.4 Ma. Deposits of a second advance are overlain by peat dated to 41 ka and so are pre-Marine Isotope Stage (pre-MIS) 2. Their relation to marine deposits indicates that they predate MIS 5 but postdate MIS 11 and may postdate MIS 7 or 9, suggesting an MIS 6 age. The most recent deposits are of MIS 2 (last glacial maximum [LGM]) age. Radiocarbon dates and varve counts tied to glacial-lake events indicate that LGM ice arrived at its terminus at 25 ka, stood at the terminus until ~24 ka, retreated at a rate of 80 m/yr until 23.5 ka, and then retreated at a rate of 12 m/yr to 18 ka. At 18 ka the retreat record connects to the base of the North American Varve Chronology at Newburgh, New York. The 25–24 ka age for the LGM is slightly younger than, but within the uncertainty of, cosmogenic ages; it is significantly older than the oldest dated macrofossils in postglacial deposits in the region.

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Section: Intermediate Glaciationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Intermediate Glaciationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Lgm Glaciationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Intermediate Glaciationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chronology of Laurentide glaciation in New Jersey and the New York City area, United States

et al. 2020

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“…Globally, river terrace sequences are widely recognised as sources for understanding Quaternary paleo-environments over the continent (Gao et al, 2016;Kolb et al, 2016;Stanford et al, 2016;Sun et al, 2016;Vázquez et al, 2016). In India, several studies have revealed that the sedimentary sequences along monsoonal rivers are not different, and preserve Quaternary flood events (Table 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Proxy Records of Late Holocene Flood Events From the Lower Reaches of the Narmada River, Western India

et al. 2021

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Analyses of a fluvial sedimentary sequence from the lower reaches of the Narmada River establish a record of rhythmic cycles of sediment facies that represent floods during the late Holocene. The south-west Indian monsoon strongly influences the study area, and heavy rainfall or cyclones which originate from either the Bay of Bengal or the Arabian Sea, also affect the region. Optically stimulated luminescence dating places the 8 m thick sediment sequence in the climate transition phase which ranges from the Medieval Warm Period to the Little Ice Age. Multi-proxy analyses including high-resolution granulometry, magnetic susceptibility, ferromagnetic mineral concentration, facies major oxide geochemistry, and micro-fossil records (from two sedimentary units) are used to study these late Holocene flood events. The latter are characterised by multiple sediment facies, depositional events, changes in channel morphology, and distinctive flood signatures. Integration of these records enables to identify two distinct aggradations viz. phase I and phase II, as well as a relative change in channel morphology. The study describes 11 flooding events and their imprints over multi-proxy records. Historic documents and instrumental records from the town of Bharuch referring to floods, movement of channel sand, channel shallowing, and the dysfunction of the ancient port of Bharuch further validate the inferences drawn from the sedimentary sequence. The study exemplifies the need to use high resolution and multi-proxy studies to interpret paleoflood records and climate signatures in order to build archives of monsoonal rivers.

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A critical re‐analysis of constraints on the timing and rate of Laurentide Ice Sheet recession in the northeastern United States

Halsted,

Bierman,

Shakun

et al. 2023

J Quaternary Science

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We review geochronological data relating to the timing and rate of Laurentide Ice Sheet recession in the northeastern United States and model ice margin movements in a Bayesian framework using compilations of previously published organic 14C (n = 133) and in situ cosmogenic 10Be (n = 95) ages. We compare the resulting method‐specific chronologies with glacial varve records that serve as independent constraints on the pace of ice recession to: (1) construct a synthesis of deglacial chronology throughout the region; and (2) assess the accuracy of each chronometer for constraining the timing of deglaciation. Near the Last Glacial Maximum terminal moraine zone, 10Be and organic 14C ages disagree by thousands of years and limit determination of the initial recession to a date range of 24–20 ka. We infer that 10Be inherited from pre‐glacial exposure adds 2–6 kyr to many exposure ages near the terminal moraines, whereas macrofossil 14C ages are typically 4–8 kyr too young due to a substantial lag between ice recession and sufficient organic material accumulation for dating in some basins. Age discrepancies between these chronometers decrease with distance from the terminal moraine, due to less 10Be inherited from prior exposure and a reduced lag between ice recession and organic material deposition. 14C and 10Be ages generally agree at locations more than 200 km distal from the terminal moraines and suggest a mostly continuous history of ice recession throughout the region from 18 to 13 ka with a variable pace best documented by varves.

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Quaternary fluvial history of the Delaware River, New Jersey and Pennsylvania, USA: The effects of glaciation, glacioisostasy, and eustasy on a proglacial river system

Cited by 10 publications

References 72 publications

Chronology of Laurentide glaciation in New Jersey and the New York City area, United States

Chronology of Laurentide glaciation in New Jersey and the New York City area, United States

Multi-Proxy Records of Late Holocene Flood Events From the Lower Reaches of the Narmada River, Western India

A critical re‐analysis of constraints on the timing and rate of Laurentide Ice Sheet recession in the northeastern United States

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