Quaternary geology of northwestern Pennsylvania

Fleeger, Gary M.; Grote, Todd; Straffin, Eric; Szabo, John P.

doi:10.1130/2011.0020(05)

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The Cincinnati Arch, which divides the Illinois and Appalachian basins (Sheets & Simonson, ), was the western boundary, except the Kentucky River was superimposed across it (Coffey, ; Melhorn & Kempton, ). Repeated glaciation formed proglacial lakes (Frolking & Pachell, ; Fleeger et al ., ) and diverted unglaciated headwaters to form the Plio‐Pleistocene Teays River (Gray, ; Melhorn & Kempton, ). Later (0.78 to 1.50 Ma), the Ohio River breached the Madison Divide and rapidly incised its modern course (Pease & Gomez, ; Anthony & Granger, ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Miocene rivers and taxon cycles clarify the comparative biogeography ofNorthAmerican highland fishes

Hoagstrom

Ung

Taylor³

2013

Journal of Biogeography

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Aim Our aims were: (1) to use recently published phylogenies of six widely distributed clades of highland-type fishes in a comparative analysis that investigates relationships among North American highlands; (2) to construct a map of relevant (pre-historic) river geography; and (3) to apply ecological paradigms to interpret patterns of highland-fish cladogenesis. Our principal questions were: (1) does highland endemism correspond to pre-historic river drainages; and (2) do patterns of speciation conform to any relevant paradigm?Location Twenty-two North American highlands, east to west from Appalachia to the Basin and Range, north to south from the Canadian Shield to the Mesa Central.Methods We used three-item analysis to find shared highland-area relationships, and we used dated phylogenies and geological literature to construct a map of relevant, pre-historic river drainages. We applied the taxon-cycle concept to interpret results.Results Three-item analysis identified 375 most-parsimonious trees with a retention index of 80.4%. An intersection tree reconstructed from shared three-area statements had a completeness index of 80.3%. Nodes on the tree identified seven major branches of one to eight highland areas each that were congruent with late Miocene river drainage patterns. Sister-area relationships within nodes were congruent with Plio-Pleistocene events. Older taxa have restricted distributions and some younger members of each clade are broadly distributed, consistent with predictions of the taxon cycle.Main conclusions Progenitors of highland endemics were widespread across an aggraded, alluvial landscape by the early Miocene. Middle Miocene drainage rearrangements facilitated further range expansion. Accelerated erosion in the middle Miocene, caused by tectonic uplift and climate change, created highland-type (sediment-starved) habitats. Parallel colonization and adaptation to these habitats and geographical isolation in the late Miocene and early Pliocene led to speciation of highland endemics. Plio-Pleistocene drainage rearrangements allowed populations of tolerant (derivative) taxa to expand again and colonize highland areas, including emerging ones.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Miocene rivers and taxon cycles clarify the comparative biogeography ofNorthAmerican highland fishes

Hoagstrom

Ung

Taylor³

2013

Journal of Biogeography

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“…Among the advantages of LiDAR-based digital elevations models, is that the data can be seamlessly and rapidly collected and processed for a wide range of different purposes with high quality and a reduced cost per unit area (e.g. Streutker & Glenn, 2006;Fleeger et al, 2011;Chen et al, 2012). In geology, LiDAR data have been used to conduct high-precision facies characterization and 3D modelling of stratigraphic sites (e.g.…”

Section: The Use Of Lidar Dem In Shoreline Identificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Schulz, 2007;Haneberg et al, 2009), measuring the strandlines (Yang & Teller, 2012), and mapping of superficial geology (e.g. Nenonen et al, 2010;Fleeger et al, 2011;Dowling et al, 2013), among many other applications.…”

Section: The Use Of Lidar Dem In Shoreline Identificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of an ancient shoreline database to reconstruct the Litorina Sea maximum extension and the highest shoreline of the Baltic Sea basin in Finland

Ojala¹,

Palmu²,

Åberg³

et al. 2013

Bull Geol Soc Finland

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An ArcGIS geodatabase called the Ancient Shoreline Database (ASD) was developed for the study and interpretation of ancient shorelines and shoreline displacement information. It was further divided into the Isolation Database (ISD) and Shoreline Landform Database (SLD) based on the characteristics of the available information. In the current study, observations related to the maximum extension of the Litorina Sea and the highest shoreline in Finland were carefully recorded and classified in the ASD. A total of 1625 shoreline observations were stored in the ASD, of which 106 were stratigraphic data points from dated isolation horizons (ISD) and the remaining 1519 were data points representing morphological shoreline observations (SLD). This paper describes the content of the ASD in terms of the variability and reliability of collated data points, but also introduces how modern LiDAR-based digital elevation models were utilized in validating the published observations as well as in interpreting new data points related to ancient shorelines from areas lacking information. The compiled ASD was used to reconstruct the diachronous maximum extension of the Litorina Sea and the highest shoreline of the Baltic Sea basin in Finland.

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Quaternary geology of northwestern Pennsylvania

Cited by 2 publications

References 11 publications

Miocene rivers and taxon cycles clarify the comparative biogeography ofNorthAmerican highland fishes

Miocene rivers and taxon cycles clarify the comparative biogeography ofNorthAmerican highland fishes

Development of an ancient shoreline database to reconstruct the Litorina Sea maximum extension and the highest shoreline of the Baltic Sea basin in Finland

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