Quaternary Geology of the Canadian Cordillera

Clague, John J.; Mathews, W. H.; Ryder, June M.; Hughes, O L; Rutter, Nat; Jackson, L E; Matthews, John V.; MacDonald, Glen M.

doi:10.1130/dnag-gna-k1.15

Cited by 69 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 311 publications

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“…Many of those that do so conflict with the geological evidence for ice sheet extent at the LGM, which is currently the prime available "target" period for assessing the validity and credibility of the climates used in these numerical models. Common is too much ice cover in Alaska and the Mackenzie mountains (NW sector), areas that were largely ice-free at the LGM, and also continuous and massive glaciation of British Columbia instead of the geologically indicated ephemeral ice cover (Clague, 1989). These common problems are discussed at length in Bonelli et al (2009).…”

Section: Previous Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We have here chosen to base our synthesis primarily on previous spatial reconstructions (Dredge and Thorleifson, 1987;Clague, 1989;Clark et al, 1993;Kleman et al, 1997Kleman et al, , 2010Lundqvist, 2004;Svendsen et al, 2004;Mangerud, 2004;Winsborrow et al, 2004;Lambeck et al, 2006) that cover this time interval. A full consideration of primary morphological and stratigraphic data is offered in several of the key source publications.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the extent of North American ice sheets before the LGM, we have based our 2-D outlines primarily on the recent review by Kleman et al (2010) and references therein, particularly Dredge and Thorleifson (1987), Clague (1989), Boulton and Clark (1990), Clark et al (1993), and Stea et al (2004). For the Keewatin sector of the Laurentide Ice Sheet there is good evidence for one or two, probably closely related, stages of a pre-LGM ice sheet with a dome center in the northern Keewatin or south-central Arctic region (Kleman et al, 2002(Kleman et al, , 2010McMartin and Henderson, 2004).…”

Section: North Americamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, a number of important questions regarding ice sheet evolution and the role of climatic feedbacks can only be addressed from a foundation of improved paleotopographical reconstructions. For example, could atmospheric circulation changes have caused mass balance patterns that left Alaska largely ice-free throughout the last glacial cycle, the high-elevation Cordilleran region only ephemerally glaciated (Clague, 1989), but the almost entirely lowland Laurentide area ( Fig. 1) persistently glaciated?…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pre-LGM Northern Hemisphere ice sheet topography

et al. 2013

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Abstract. We here reconstruct the paleotopography of Northern Hemisphere ice sheets during the glacial maxima of marine isotope stages (MIS) 5b and 4.We employ a combined approach, blending geologically based reconstruction and numerical modeling, to arrive at probable ice sheet extents and topographies for each of these two time slices. For a physically based 3-D calculation based on geologically derived 2-D constraints, we use the University of Maine Ice Sheet Model (UMISM) to calculate ice sheet thickness and topography. The approach and ice sheet modeling strategy is designed to provide robust data sets of sufficient resolution for atmospheric circulation experiments for these previously elusive time periods. Two tunable parameters, a temperature scaling function applied to a spliced Vostok-GRIP record, and spatial adjustment of the climatic pole position, were employed iteratively to achieve a good fit to geological constraints where such were available. The model credibly reproduces the first-order pattern of size and location of geologically indicated ice sheets during marine isotope stages (MIS) 5b (86.2 kyr model age) and 4 (64 kyr model age). From the interglacial state of two north-south obstacles to atmospheric circulation (Rocky Mountains and Greenland), by MIS 5b the emergence of combined Quebec-central Arctic and Scandinavian-Barents-Kara ice sheets had increased the number of such highland obstacles to four. The number of major ice sheets remained constant through MIS 4, but the merging of the Cordilleran and the proto-Laurentide Ice Sheet produced a single continent-wide North American ice sheet at the LGM.

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Section: Previous Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: North Americamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pre-LGM Northern Hemisphere ice sheet topography

et al. 2013

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“…Reconstructions of the Late Wisconsin CIS indicate that some of the highest mountains protruded through the ice sheet as nunataks (Clague, 1989;Duk-Rodkin, 1999). However, it is also possible that some of these high mountains may have been covered by cold-based ice, and thus available glacial evidence does not constrain the maximum height of the CIS (Fig.…”

Section: Mcconnell Glaciation 421 Constraints On Vertical Extent: mentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the glacial history of the northern sector of the Cordilleran Ice Sheet with cosmogenic 10Be concentrations in quartz

Stroeven

Fabel

Codilean

et al. 2010

Quaternary Science Reviews

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Late quaternary regional geoarchaeology of Southeast Alaska karst: A progress report

et al. 1997

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Karst systems, sea caves, and rock shelters within the coastal temperate rain forest of Alaska's Alexander Archipelago preserve important records of regional archaeology, sea level history, glacial and climatic history, and vertebrate paleontology. Two 14C AMS dates on human bone discovered in a remote cave (49‐PET‐408) on Prince of Wales Island document the oldest reliably dated human in Alaska to ca. 9800 B.P. A series of 14C AMS dates from cave deposits span the past 40,000 years and provide the first evidence of Pleistocene faunas from the northwest coast of North America. Other discoveries include sea caves and marine beach deposits elevated above modern sea level, extensive solution caves, and mammalian remains of species previously undocumented within the region. Records of human activity, including cave art, artifacts, and habitation sites may provide new insights into the early human colonization of the Americas. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

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Quaternary Geology of the Canadian Cordillera

Cited by 69 publications

References 311 publications

Pre-LGM Northern Hemisphere ice sheet topography

Pre-LGM Northern Hemisphere ice sheet topography

Investigating the glacial history of the northern sector of the Cordilleran Ice Sheet with cosmogenic 10Be concentrations in quartz

Late quaternary regional geoarchaeology of Southeast Alaska karst: A progress report

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