Quaternary Geology of the St. Lawrence Lowlands of Canada

Karrow, P. F.; Occhietti, Serge

doi:10.1130/dnag-gna-k1.319

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 193 publications

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“…This change was unrelated to a glacial margin because ice was well to the south of the ORM area prior to formation of postglacial Lake Iroquois (Karrow and Occhietti, 1989). Glacial Lake Iroquois is interpreted to have formed ca.…”

Section: Subglacial Lakesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stratigraphic Architecture and Sediment Facies of the Western Oak Ridges Moraine, Humber River Watershed, Southern Ontario*

Russell

Arnott

Sharpe

2006

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The Oak Ridges Moraine in southern Ontario is a ca. 160 km long east-west trending ridge of sand and gravel situated north of Lake Ontario. Study of the Oak Ridges Moraine in the Humber River watershed was undertaken to assess its role in the groundwater system of the buried Laurentian Valley. The Oak Ridges Moraine is interpreted to have been deposited in three stages. Stage I records rapid deposition from hyperconcentrated flows where tunnel channels discharged into a subglacial lake in the Lake Ontario basin. Low-energy basin sedimentation of Stage II was in a subglacial and ice-contact setting of a highly crevassed ice sheet. Stage III sedimentation is characterized by rapid facies changes associated with esker, subaqueous fan, and basinal sedimentation. Detailed sediment analysis challenges the concept that the Oak Ridges Moraine was deposited principally from seasonal meltwater discharges, climatic modulated ice-marginal fluctuations, or in an interlobate position. Instead it is interpreted to have formed in response to late-glacial ice sheet events associated with subglacial meltwater ponding, episodic and catastrophic subglacial meltwater discharge, and subsequent seasonal meltwater discharge. The moraine probably formed as the glacial-hydraulic system re-equilibrated to the presence of a thinned, grounded ice shelf and a subglacial lake in the Lake Ontario basin.La moraine de Oak Ridges, sud de l’Ontario, est une crête de sable et de gravier orientée est-ouest d’une longueur de 160 km au nord du lac Ontario. L’étude de la moraine de Oak Ridges dans le bassin de la rivière Humber permet de comprendre son rôle dans le système de drainage de la vallée Laurentienne. La moraine de Oak Ridges a été édifiée en trois phases. La phase I consiste en une sédimentation rapide par hyperconcentration des écoulements, où les chenaux en tunnel se déversent dans un lac sous-glaciaire du lac Ontario. Le bassin de sédimentation de faible énergie de la phase II est sous-glaciaire et touche à un inlandsis ayant d’importantes crevasses. La phase III se caractérise par un changement de faciès très rapide, par la présence d’eskers, de cônes aquatiques et de bassins sédimentaires. Les analyses sédimentaires détaillées ébranlent l’hypothèse que la moraine de Oak Ridges ait été formée par la fonte des glaces saisonnière, les fluctuations climatiques près des marges glaciaires, ou dans une position interlobaire. Notre interprétation indique plutôt qu’elle a été mise en place en réponse à des événements de fonte sous-glaciaire de nature épisodique et catastrophique, et par des apports subséquents d’eau de fonte saisonnière. La moraine s’est probablement formée lors de la ré-équilibration du système glacio-hydraulique en présence d’un inlandsis mince, en contact avec le substrat et alimentant un lac sous-glaciaire dans le bassin du lac Ontario

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Section: Subglacial Lakesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stratigraphic Architecture and Sediment Facies of the Western Oak Ridges Moraine, Humber River Watershed, Southern Ontario*

Russell

Arnott

Sharpe

2006

gpq

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“…The upper till at Whitevale (Halton Till) was deposited beneath a final readvance of the Ontario lobe during the Port Huron Stadial at 13 ka (Fig. 12B) (Karrow and Occhietti 1989). This ice advanced out of the Lake Ontario basin to the northwest and terminated at the southern limit of the Oak Ridges Moraine (Fig.…”

Section: Regional Stratigraphic Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two tills are recognized within the Late Wisconsin succession, the Halton Till and the Northern till (defined below; Fig. 3), which are separated regionally by a silt, sand, and gravel complex that likely records a shortlived interstadial (possibly the Mackinaw Interstadial; Karrow and Occhietti 1989;see below). To the south of the study area, the uppermost till (Halton Till) is draped by thin lacustrine sand and silt deposited by glacial Lake Iroquois (Sly and Prior 1984) (Figs.…”

Section: Physical Setting and Geology Of The Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on its wide regional extent (see below), stratigraphic position, thickness, and northern provenance, the Northern till was most likely deposited during the maximum phase(s) of the Late Wisconsin glaciation ( Fig. 12A; Nissouri Stadial, 16-22 ka) (Karrow and Occhietti 1989). The upper till at Whitevale (Halton Till) was deposited beneath a final readvance of the Ontario lobe during the Port Huron Stadial at 13 ka (Fig.…”

Section: Regional Stratigraphic Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Poorly developed periglacial structures and oxidized lag gravels associated with the sorted sediments that occur between the Northern and Halton tills suggest the existence Chapman and Putnam 1984;Karrow and Occhietti 1989). Ice-free conditions (Mackinaw Interstadial?)…”

Section: Regional Stratigraphic Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Seismic reflection, borehole and outcrop geometry of Late Wisconsin tills at a proposed landfill near Toronto, Ontario

Boyce¹,

Eyles²,

Pugin³

1995

Can. J. Earth Sci.

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The search for new landfill sites in the Greater Toronto area of southern Ontario, Canada, is producing a wealth of data regarding the subsurface stratigraphy and geometry of Late Wisconsin (<25 ka) till deposits. Till strata are favoured as landfill substrates because of their wide surface extent, thickness (maximum -60 m), high degree of overconsolidation, apparently massive character, and low permeability. However, problems are emerging where surface contaminants have migrated through till deposits into underlying aquifers along poorly understood transport paths. This paper reports the results

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Comparative analysis of cladoceran microfossils in the Don and Scarborough Formations, Toronto, Canada

Hann

Karrow

1993

J Paleolimnol

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Quaternary Geology of the St. Lawrence Lowlands of Canada

Cited by 9 publications

References 193 publications

Stratigraphic Architecture and Sediment Facies of the Western Oak Ridges Moraine, Humber River Watershed, Southern Ontario*

Stratigraphic Architecture and Sediment Facies of the Western Oak Ridges Moraine, Humber River Watershed, Southern Ontario*

Seismic reflection, borehole and outcrop geometry of Late Wisconsin tills at a proposed landfill near Toronto, Ontario

Comparative analysis of cladoceran microfossils in the Don and Scarborough Formations, Toronto, Canada

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