Quaternary liquid–liquid equilibria for systems of {(water+methanol or ethanol)+m-xylene+n-dodecane}

Experimental and theoretical study of quaternary (liquid+liquid) equilibria for mixtures of (methanol or water+ethanol+toluene+n-decane)

“…The dissolving capacity or the distribution coefficient that refers to the equilibrium partitioning of the component i between two phases is defined in the following form [10]: The x is the mole fraction and subscripts indicate the compound and superscripts d and s indicate, respectively, the n-decane and solvent rich-phases. The symbol S and K 2 represent the selectivity and distribution coefficients of toluene, respectively.…”

“…According to these figures, at lower temperatures the selectivity is higher, and therefore, it is better to perform the extraction at lower temperatures. However, considering the economical and practical aspects, for an efficient extraction an optimum temperature may be found The agreement between the experimental data and the calculated values was evaluated by the root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) which is defined as follows [10,11]:…”

“…In the GC measurements for the quaternary systems (alcohol + water + toluene + n-decane), the standard mixtures were prepared gravimetrically and the relative response factor of the component i (alcohol or toluene to the component j (n-decane) in the standard mixtures was determined by averaging the results obtained from the following equation [10]:…”

(Liquid+liquid) equilibria of ternary and quaternary systems containing n-hexane, toluene, m-xylene, propanol, sulfolane, and water at T=303.15K

“…Design of apparatus and determining the optimum operating conditions for aromatic extraction systems require the knowledge of multi-component (liquid + liquid) equilibrium (LLE) data [1][2][3][4]. Such experimental LLE data are usually not available and therefore should be predicted using various thermodynamic models such as activity coefficient.…”

“…It is worth noting that using a suitable pure or mixed-solvent has an important role in the extraction efficiency of industrial separation processes. Light alcohols such as methanol and ethanol may be considered as the suitable solvents or co-solvents in the recovery of aromatics hydrocarbons from refinery process streams [1,2]. Also, the use of alcohols (methanol or ethanol) as gasoline additives to provide antiknock properties has been caused the considerable attention to experimental and theoretical study of many ternary and quaternary hydrocarbons systems containing light alcohols at room temperature [10][11][12].…”