Quaternary Tephra of Northern Central America

Rose, William I.; Hahn, Gregory A.; Drexler, John W.; Malinconico, MaryAnn L.; Peterson, Paula S.; Wunderman, Richard

doi:10.1007/978-94-009-8537-7_11

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The combined total volume of ash-flow and ash-fall deposits less than approximately 200 ka is conservatively estimated between 300 and 500 km 3 ), similar to the volume of andesitic and basaltic material erupted from the youngest generation of volcanic front volcanoes. Activity at silicic calderas largely antedates but partly overlaps activity of the present generation of F50 ka and younger composite volcanoes (Koch and McLean 1975;Rose et al 1981;Conway et al 1994).…”

Section: Volcanic Settingmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…This allowed for accurate volume estimates of tephra units and resolved questions about source vents Drexler 1979;Hahn et al 1979;Wunderman and Rose 1984;Rose et al 1987;Peterson and Rose 1985). Deposits of young (~200 ka) silicic centers in northern Central America comprise numerous fall deposits and at least ten pyroclastic flow deposits (Koch and McLean 1975;Rose et al 1981). Koch and McLean (1975) recognized two stratigraphic successions in the Volcanic Highlands.…”

Section: Volcanic Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An improved age framework for late Quaternary silicic eruptions in northern Central America

Rose¹,

Conway

Pullinger³

et al. 1999

Bulletin of Volcanology

107

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Five new stepwise-heating 40 Ar/ 39 Ar ages and one new high-sensitivity 14 C date of ash-fall and ash-flow deposits from late Quaternary silicic volcanoes in northern Central America document the eruption rates and frequencies of five major rhyodacite and rhyolite calderas (Atitlán, Amatitlán, Ayarza, Coatepeque, and Ilopango) located north of the basalt, andesite, and dacite stratovolcanoes of the Central American volcanic front. These deposits form extensive timestratigraphic horizons that intercalate regionally, and knowledge of dates and stratigraphy provides a valuable framework for age determinations of more localized volcanic and nonvolcanic events. The new data, especially when integrated with previous stratigraphic and dating work, show that all five calderas erupted several times in the past 200 ka and, despite a lack of historic activity, should be considered as active centers that could produce highly explosive eruptions again. Because of their locations near the highly vulnerable economic hearts of Guatemala and El Salvador, the risks of eruptions from these calderas should be carefully considered along with risks of major earthquakes and volcanic front volcanoes, which are much more frequent but inflict less severe and extensive damage. This Fig. 1 Location map showing late Quaternary calderas of northern Central America investigation also includes some examples of dating efforts that failed to produce reasonable results.

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Section: Volcanic Settingmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Volcanic Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

An improved age framework for late Quaternary silicic eruptions in northern Central America

Rose¹,

Conway

Pullinger³

et al. 1999

Bulletin of Volcanology

107

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“…In Guatemala, basaltic to andesitic magmas have been erupted mainly from composite cones of the volcanic arc front, whereas dacitic to rhyolitic lavas and tuffs occur mainly in backarc calderas and dome complexes (Halsor and Rose, 1988). Several Quaternary to Holocene composite cones, domes, and cal deras surround Santa María and have erupted subequal volumes of chemically bimodal mafi c and silicic products (Rose et al, 1981;Rose, 1987). Volcanism at Santa María-Santiaguito is also bimodal, including roughly equal volumes of basaltic-andesitic (~8 km 3 ) and dacitic (~9 km 3 ) lava and tephra.…”

Section: Geology and Volcanologymentioning

confidence: 99%

40Ar/39Ar and paleomagnetic constraints on the evolution of Volcan de Santa Maria, Guatemala

Escobar-Wolf

Diehl

Singer

et al. 2009

Geological Society of America Bulletin

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Ar/ 39 Ar dating of 15 lava fl ows indicates that Volcán de Santa María grew episodically to 8 km 3 in size at an average rate of 0.12 km 3 /ka between 103 and 35 ka. The composite cone grew in four phases, including two periods of intense activity at ca. 72 ka and ca. 35 ka, during which 1.5 km 3 and 3 km 3 of basaltic to andesitic magmas were erupted. There is no evidence of further volcanism after ca. 35 ka until the great dacitic eruption in 1902. The average eruptive rate is 0.16 km 3 /ka, if products of the 1902 eruption and subsequent Santiaguito dome are included. Whereas the Mono Lake excursion is not clearly recorded at Volcán de Santa María, as had been inferred from earlier studies, virtual geomagnetic poles (VGPs) of the 35 ka cone-forming lavas exhibit high-amplitude paleosecular variation that may correspond in time to the Mono Lake excursion. Two older packages of lava fl ows are each associated with a distinctive cluster of VGPs, which supports the 40 Ar/ 39 Ar age model and the conclusion that cone building was episodic. During the fi nal 60% of cone growth, lavas evolved from basaltic to andesitic (51%-57% SiO 2) with time, but with a regression to slightly less evolved compositions during the onset of the fi nal cone-building phase. Despite the relatively small volume of Santa María, cone-growth processes and geochemical evolution through time mirror observations at other currently active volcanoes along the Central American volcanic arc, and may prove useful as an analogy in assessing long-term hazards posed by other predominantly basaltic-andesitic composite volcanoes.

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“…In the last decades, ESR has been used along with classical magnetic methods to characterize clays and volcanic materials, mainly glasses (Bart et al 1982;Bonnin et al 1982;Schlinger et al 1988;Pawse et al 1998;Balan et al 1999). Indeed, some recent ash layers are not unambiguously attributed to a well-known historical event (Rose et al 1981), and are difficult to discriminate based on their chemistry (Palias et al 1990). Both techniques are sensitive to various parameters (chemical environment, oxidation state, composition, grain size and shape, etc.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These techniques can thus be of general interest for tephro-stratigraphy. Indeed, some recent ash layers are not unambiguously attributed to a well-known historical event (Rose et al 1981), and are difficult to discriminate based on their chemistry (Palias et al 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of diluted marine tertiary tephra by electron spin resonance and magnetic measurements

Ananou¹,

Regnier²,

Ksari³

et al. 2003

Geophysical Journal International

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SUMMARY Oligocene sediments from ODP leg 115 (South Indian Ocean), Site 709 and Site 711, have been investigated using electron spin resonance (ESR) and magnetic susceptibility measurements, to detect volcanic tephra layers of supposed Ethiopian traps origin. The results obtained at room temperature, without separating the volcanic material from the bulk sediment, show that the ash‐content strongly influences the lineshape and intensity of the ESR signal. As a result, the ESR alone, can be used as a powerful tool for characterizing the diluted ash‐content of marine sediments. We have also found a strong similarity between the ESR spectra of the same tephra layers from the two sites.

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Quaternary Tephra of Northern Central America

Cited by 11 publications

References 6 publications

An improved age framework for late Quaternary silicic eruptions in northern Central America

An improved age framework for late Quaternary silicic eruptions in northern Central America

40Ar/39Ar and paleomagnetic constraints on the evolution of Volcan de Santa Maria, Guatemala

Detection of diluted marine tertiary tephra by electron spin resonance and magnetic measurements

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