Quaternized graphene oxide modified ionic cross-linked sulfonated polymer electrolyte composite proton exchange membranes with enhanced properties

Zhao, Yanxu; Fu, Yuqin; Hu, Bo; Lü, Changli

doi:10.1016/j.ssi.2016.07.002

Cited by 36 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…As water molecule serves as medium for proton transport, sufficient water uptake is critical for the construction of well‐connected proton transport pathways in a PEM. However, excess water uptake results in high dimensional swelling and poor mechanical stability, limiting the practical use of PEMs in DMFC devices . The water uptake and area swelling of the membranes both at 20 and 80 °C are shown in Figure , respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, excess water uptake results in high dimensional swelling and poor mechanical stability, limiting the practical use of PEMs in DMFC devices. [42] The water uptake and area swelling of the membranes both at 20 and 80°C are shown in Figure 6, respectively. The pure SPEEK membrane displays much higher water uptake and area swelling than that of Nafion 117 at 20°C and is even over swelling at 80°C.…”

Section: Water Uptake and Area Awellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigation of Diamine Cross‐Linker on Semi‐IPNs of BPPO/SPEEK Membranes for Direct Methanol Fuel Cell

et al. 2018

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Low methanol permeability is one of the most critical factors for proton exchange membranes utilized in direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). Here, sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) polymer chains are interpenetrated into the semi‐interpenetrating polymer networks (semi‐IPNs) constructed by the alkylation reaction between bromobenzyl groups of bromomethylated poly(phenylene oxide) and amine groups of 2,2′‐(ethylenedioxy)bis(ethylamine) cross‐linker. The influences of crosslinking network contents on the key properties of SPEEK membranes are systematically investigated. Dimensional stability and methanol‐permeability resistance are enhanced as the increase of the crosslinking network contents. The relative selectivity is significantly improved due to the largely reduced methanol permeability. The DMFC assembled by the membrane with 20 wt.% crosslinking networks demonstrates four times higher power output than the Nafion 117 DMFC in 5 M methanol solution.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Water Uptake and Area Awellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Diamine Cross‐Linker on Semi‐IPNs of BPPO/SPEEK Membranes for Direct Methanol Fuel Cell

et al. 2018

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“…The water uptake and proton conductivity of the hybrid membranes increased with increasing content of the nanofiller PANI/SiO 2 up to 3 wt.% loading but decreased with the further addition of PANI/SiO 2 fillers because of filler agglomeration, reduced inflexibility, and poor filler dispersion. The proton conductivity of the hybrid membrane decreased when the PANI/SiO 2 filler loading content exceeded 3 wt.% because of the block effect that inhibited proton 7 of 52 transfer or high tortuosity through the proton-conducting pathway [32,33]. The CS-PANI/SiO 2 -3 hybrid membrane showed increased water uptake (57.62-72.87%) and possessed the highest conductivity of 8.39 × 10 −3 S cm −1 at 80 • C; in its hydrated state, its conductivity decreased when the temperature exceeded 80 • C (Figure 4).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The CS-PANI/SiO 2 -3 hybrid membrane showed increased water uptake (57.62-72.87%) and possessed the highest conductivity of 8.39 × 10 −3 S cm −1 at 80 • C; in its hydrated state, its conductivity decreased when the temperature exceeded 80 • C (Figure 4). The highest conductivity shown by the CS-PANI/SiO 2 -3 membrane may be due to the existence of sulphate ions in the doped polyaniline, hydroxyl groups on the surface of silica, and protonated amine groups in the matrix polymer of the membrane; moreover, the higher proton conductivity of CS-PANI/SiO 2 membranes than that of CS membrane could be due to the incorporated PANI/SiO 2 fillers, which acted as connecting bridges that shortened the distance of proton hopping [32,33]. Other than that, the stability test was performed by using Fenton's reagent (3% H 2 O 2 with 2 ppm FeSO 4 ) for 1 h at 80 • C and has shown that as the concentration of PANI/SiO 2 nanofillers was increased, the weight loss was reduced, and this implied that CS-PANI/SiO 2 composite membrane has excellent oxidative stability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Chitosan-Based Polymers as Proton Exchange Membranes and Roles of Chitosan-Supported Ionic Liquids

Rosli

Loh

Wong

et al. 2020

IJMS

108

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Perfluorosulphonic acid-based membranes such as Nafion are widely used in fuel cell applications. However, these membranes have several drawbacks, including high expense, non-eco-friendliness, and low proton conductivity under anhydrous conditions. Biopolymer-based membranes, such as chitosan (CS), cellulose, and carrageenan, are popular. They have been introduced and are being studied as alternative materials for enhancing fuel cell performance, because they are environmentally friendly and economical. Modifications that will enhance the proton conductivity of biopolymer-based membranes have been performed. Ionic liquids, which are good electrolytes, are studied for their potential to improve the ionic conductivity and thermal stability of fuel cell applications. This review summarizes the development and evolution of CS biopolymer-based membranes and ionic liquids in fuel cell applications over the past decade. It also focuses on the improved performances of fuel cell applications using biopolymer-based membranes and ionic liquids as promising clean energy. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 632 2 of 52 used to exchange protons from the anode to the cathode [1]. PEMFCs are light, highly efficient, and compact. They operate at relatively low temperatures (≈80 • C), have high power density, and are suitable for various applications. Figure 1 shows that PEMFC consists of various important elements, namely, bipolar plates, diffusion layers, electrodes (anode and cathode), and an electrolyte. The core of a PEMFC is a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) composed of a proton exchange membrane (PEM) placed between two electrodes. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20, x FOR PEER REVIEW 2 of 53 Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 632 3 of 52Polysaccharides, such as chitosan (CS) and cellulose, are among the best natural polymer materials because of their abundance in the environment. CS is a linear polysaccharide consisting of randomly distributed β-(1-4)-linked d-glucosamine (deacetylated unit) and N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (acetylated unit), which is produced by the deacetylation of chitin. CS has high water affinity properties as there is the presence of three different polar functional groups, which are hydroxyl (-OH), primary amine (-NH 2 ), and C-O-C groups. CS has a structure that is very similar to cellulose, but the difference among them is that CS contains amine groups and its structure is characterized by its molecular weight and degree of deacetylation, where its solubility is depended on [7].CS has rigid structure and high crystallinity as there are three hydrogen atoms strongly bonded between the amino and hydroxyl groups within the CS monomers, due to the immobilized structure, which leads to its proton conduction limitation. Moreover, CS has attractive physicochemical properties in aqueous solution due to its polycationic nature and this leads to wide range of biological purposes such as antimicrobial activity and disease resistance activities in plants [8]. CS membranes are one of the most preferable and favorable materials to re...

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“…As the electrolyte membrane for a fuel cell, the PEM should have not only favorable proton conductivity, but also low fuel permeability and good stabilities. Graphene oxide (GO), a graphene‐derived material, has been widely employed in fuel cells as a doping material because of its hydrophilicity, lipophilicity, high surface area, good electrical insulation, and flexibility. Seel et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrospinning preparation of a graphene oxide nanohybrid proton‐exchange membrane for fuel cells

Zhang

Kang

et al. 2018

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Proton‐exchange membrane (PEM) is a core component of fuel cells that provides a channel for proton migration and transport. Prevailing PEMs fabricated using well‐established casting techniques have several limitations such as low proton conductivity, high fuel permeability, and poor stability. To overcome these shortcomings, this article introduces a graphene oxide (GO)‐based nanohybrid Nafion nanofiber membrane prepared using a facile electrospinning technique. On the one hand, electrospinning nanofibers provide efficient transport paths for protons, which tremendously enhance the proton conductivity. On the other hand, GO doping in PEM improves the self‐humidification, stabilities (mechanical, thermal, and chemical), and proton conductivity and reduces the fuel permeability. In this research, nanofiber membranes were obtained from Nafion solutions containing 0, 0.1, and 0.2 wt % GO via electrospinning. The morphology, structure, mechanical properties, proton conductivity, water uptake, and swelling properties of the membranes were studied. The results demonstrated that the comprehensive performance of PEM was significantly improved. The new findings may promote the wide application of PEM fuel cells. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46443.

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Quaternized graphene oxide modified ionic cross-linked sulfonated polymer electrolyte composite proton exchange membranes with enhanced properties

Cited by 36 publications

References 50 publications

Investigation of Diamine Cross‐Linker on Semi‐IPNs of BPPO/SPEEK Membranes for Direct Methanol Fuel Cell

Investigation of Diamine Cross‐Linker on Semi‐IPNs of BPPO/SPEEK Membranes for Direct Methanol Fuel Cell

Review of Chitosan-Based Polymers as Proton Exchange Membranes and Roles of Chitosan-Supported Ionic Liquids

Electrospinning preparation of a graphene oxide nanohybrid proton‐exchange membrane for fuel cells

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