Quench detection for high temperature superconductor magnets: a novel technique based on Rayleigh-backscattering interrogated optical fibers

Scurti, Federico; Ishmael, Sasha; Flanagan, G.; Schwartz, J.

doi:10.1088/0953-2048/29/3/03lt01

Cited by 108 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Second, reduce the time span when the hot-spot temperature increases with a sensitive quench detection, a significant challenge for instrument and measurement. New quench detection techniques measuring the temperature rise in the normal zone are under investigation [161][162][163][164][165][166][167]. Compared to the voltage-based detection technique, these new optic and acoustic techniques are more immune to electromagnetic interference, attractive for fusion applications.…”

Section: How Do Rebco Accelerator Magnets Transit From Superconductinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We will test the technique on the REBCO CCT magnets with metal mandrels that are under development. In collaboration with North Carolina State University, we are examining the quench detection technique using optic fibers [164]. Preliminary 77 K tests of a three-turn CCT coil with the optic fiber co-wound with the CORC R wire revealed multiple local and growing normal zones during the transition [223].…”

Section: Development Of Rebco Magnet Technology At Lbnlmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dipole Magnets above 20 Tesla: Research Needs for a Path via High-Temperature Superconducting REBCO Conductors

2019

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To enable the physics research that continues to deepen our understanding of the Universe, future circular colliders will require a critical and unique instrument—magnets that can generate a dipole field of 20 T and above. However, today’s maturing magnet technology for low-temperature superconductors (Nb-Ti and Nb 3 Sn) can lead to a maximum dipole field of around 16 T. High-temperature superconductors such as REBCO can, in principle, generate higher dipole fields but significant challenges exist for both conductor and magnet technology. To address these challenges, several critical research needs, including direct needs on instrumentation and measurements, are identified to push for the maximum dipole fields a REBCO accelerator magnet can generate. We discuss the research needs by reviewing the current results and outlining the perspectives for future technology development, followed by a brief update on the status of the technology development at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. We present a roadmap for the next decade to develop 20 T-class REBCO accelerator magnets as an enabling instrument for future energy-frontier accelerator complex.

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Section: How Do Rebco Accelerator Magnets Transit From Superconductinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Development Of Rebco Magnet Technology At Lbnlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dipole Magnets above 20 Tesla: Research Needs for a Path via High-Temperature Superconducting REBCO Conductors

2019

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“…Another proposed technique to monitor and detect quenches in high current REBCO cables is by integration of optical fibers in the cable architecture using Rayleigh-backscattering interrogated optical fibers, resulting in a self-monitoring cable with both strain and temperature sensing capabilities as a function of position along the cable length and in time [59][60][61]. Work to date has been done under carefully controlled experimental conditions but there are plans to explore the technique in a more realistic environment.…”

Section: Quench Detection and Magnet Protection 421 Quench Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Superconducting accelerator magnet technology in the 21st century: A new paradigm on the horizon?

Gourlay

2018

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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Superconducting magnets for accelerators were first suggested in the mid-60's and have since become one of the major components of modern particle colliders. Technological progress has been slow but steady for the last half-century, based primarily on Nb-Ti superconductor. That technology has reached its peak with the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Despite the superior electromagnetic properties of Nb 3 Sn and adoption by early magnet pioneers, it is just now coming into use in accelerators though it has not yet reliably achieved fields close to the theoretical limit. The discovery of the High Temperature Superconductors (HTS) in the late '80's created tremendous excitement, but these materials, with tantalizing performance at high fields and temperatures, have not yet been successfully developed into accelerator magnet configurations. Thanks to relatively recent developments in both Bi-2212 and REBCO, and a more focused international effort on magnet development, the situation has changed dramatically. Early optimism has been replaced with a reality that could create a new paradigm in superconducting magnet technology. Using selected examples of magnet technology from the previous century to define the context, this paper will describe the possible innovations using HTS materials as the basis for a new paradigm.

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“…The performances of conventional room-temperature sensors, including sensitivities, response times, and lifetime, degrade rapidly when temperature gets lower. A few applications using optical fiber sensors at cryogenic temperatures have been developed lately, such as FBGs embedded in or bonded to substrates (e.g., PMMA, Teflon) with larger thermal expansion coefficients for overcoming their low temperature sensitivity, a continuous liquid level sensing system for liquid nitrogen and helium tanks [ 11 , 17 ].And some optical fiber sensors including FBG, Raman-scattering, Rayleigh-scattering and Brillouin-scattering for monitoring cryogenic temperature of high-temperature superconducting tapes at 77 K or even lower temperature have been attempted [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ]. In these investigations, optical fiber sensors were mainly developed to measure cryogenic temperature in which the deformation of the materials and structures commonly were not considered.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strain Transfer Characteristics of Multi-Layer Optical Fiber Sensors with Temperature-Dependent Properties at Low Temperature

Yang

Wang

2021

Sensors

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Optical fiber sensors have been potentially expected to apply in the extreme environment for their advantages of measurement in a large temperature range. The packaging measure which makes the strain sensing fiber survive in these harsh conditions will commonly introduce inevitable strain transfer errors. In this paper, the strain transfer characteristics of a multi-layer optical fiber sensing structure working at cryogenic environment with temperature gradients have been investigated theoretically. A generalized three-layer shear lag model incorporating with temperature-dependent properties of layers was developed. The strain transfer relationship between the optical fiber core and the matrix has been derived in form of a second-order ordinary differential equation (ODE) with variable coefficients, where the Young’s modulus and the coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) are considered as functions of temperature. The strain transfer characteristics of the optical sensing structure were captured by solving the ODE boundary problems for cryogenic temperature loads. Case studies of the cooling process from room temperature to some certain low temperatures and gradient temperature loads for different low-temperature zones were addressed. The results showed that different temperature load configurations cause different strain transfer error features which can be described by the proposed model. The protective layer always plays a main role, and the optimization geometrical parameters should be carefully designed. To verify the theoretical predictions, an experiment study on the thermal strain measurement of an aluminum bar with optical fiber sensors was conducted. LUNA ODiSI 6100 integrator was used to measure the Rayleigh backscattering spectra shift of the optical fiber at a uniform temperature and a gradient temperature under liquid nitrogen temperature zone, and a reasonable agreement with the theory was presented.

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Quench detection for high temperature superconductor magnets: a novel technique based on Rayleigh-backscattering interrogated optical fibers

Cited by 108 publications

References 48 publications

Dipole Magnets above 20 Tesla: Research Needs for a Path via High-Temperature Superconducting REBCO Conductors

Dipole Magnets above 20 Tesla: Research Needs for a Path via High-Temperature Superconducting REBCO Conductors

Superconducting accelerator magnet technology in the 21st century: A new paradigm on the horizon?

Strain Transfer Characteristics of Multi-Layer Optical Fiber Sensors with Temperature-Dependent Properties at Low Temperature

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