Quenching and Tempering-Dependent Evolution on the Microstructure and Mechanical Performance Based on a Laser Additively Manufactured 12CrNi2 Alloy Steel

Abstract

For exploring an effective heat treatment schedule to enhance the strength–plasticity balance of the ferrite–austenite 12CrNi2 alloy steel additively manufactured by directed energy deposition (DED), 12CrNi2 was heat-treated with deliberately designed direct quenching (DQ) and cyclic quenching (CQ), respectively, and the differently quenched steels were then tempered at a temperature from 200 °C to 500 °C. It was found that the CQ, in contrast to the DQ, led the 12CrNi2 to have significantly increased tensile strength without losing its plasticity, based on the introduction of fine-grained lath martensite and the {112}<111>-type nanotwins. The nanotwins were completely degenerated after the 200 °C tempering. This led the CQ-treated steel to decrease in not only its tensile strength, but also its plasticity. In addition, an interesting phenomenon observed was that the DQ-induced laths and rod-like precipitates, and the tempering-induced laths and rod-like precipitates were all prone to be generated along the {112} planes of the martensitic crystal (α-Fe), which were exactly fitted with the {112}-type crystalline orientation of the long or short nanotwins in the CQ-induced martensite. The quenching–tempering-induced generation of the {112}-orientated laths and rod-like precipitates was explicated in connection with the {112}<111>-type long or short nanotwins in the CQ-induced lath martensite.

Evolution of CrCx Ceramic Induced by Laser Direct Energy Deposition Multilayered Gradient Ni204-dr60 Coating

“…Laser direct energy deposition (LDED) technology offers some fascinating characteristics, such as die-less manufacturing, short production cycle, and excellent laser-cladded performance. Relying on the three-dimensional model of parts, the laser trajectory is controlled to manufacture parts, showing high flexibility and a tendency to remain unaffected by the complexity of the parts [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. Therefore, LDED technology was found to be favorable for enhancing recycling benefits, resulting in waste parts by enabling component refurbishment, thus gradually increasing its share in the remanufacturing industry [8].…”