Questioning the sex-specific differences in the association of smoking on the survival rate of hospitalized COVID-19 patients

Khalil, Athar; Dhingra, Radhika; Al-Mulki, Jida; Hassoun, Mahmoud; Alexis, Neil E.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0255692

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…In our sample, smoking prevalence was 57.8% exceeding the WHO prevalence estimates of current tobacco smoking in 2018 (42.6%) [ 31 ], as well as the prevalence of tobacco smoking reported among the hospitalized COVID-19 patients of Khalil et al study (42.3%) [ 33 ]. Results also revealed a high prevalence of tobacco smoking among male participants (58.2%) compared to their females counterparts (41.8%) which also exceeded the WHO prevalence estimates of current tobacco (49.2% and 35.9% males and females respectively) [ 31 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

“…This results was consistent with other studies [ 15 , 16 ]. However, upon stratifying the sample by gender, multinomial logistic regression models revealed a significant association among male with mild infection compared to their asymptomatic counterparts (OR = 1.78, 95% CI (1.01–3.13)), a recent study conducted in Lebanon among 743 hospitalized COVID-19 patients revealed a high smoking prevalence (42.3%) combined with worse prognosis as well as a higher mortality rate in smoking patients [ 33 ]. A gender-discrepancy in the association of smoking on COVID-19 mortality rates was also reported.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Smoking status and SARS-CoV-2 infection severity among Lebanese adults: a cross-sectional study

Hoballah¹,

Haidari²,

Badran³

et al. 2022

BMC Infect Dis

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Background A paradoxical hypothesis about the effect of smoking on patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrom 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection still exists. Furthermore, gender-discrepancy in the impact of smoking on COVID-19 severity was given little attention. Thus, the aims of the present study were to evaluate the prevalence of smoking and the COVID-19 infection severity in a sample of adult patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and to explore the relationship between smoking status and SARS-CoV-2 infection severity in the overall sample and stratified by gender. Methods A retrospective analytical study was conducted on patients diagnosed with COVID-19 cases between December, 2020 and April, 2021 from three leading laboratories in Lebanon. Sociodemographic characteristics, smoking status and clinical symptoms were collected. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to explore the relationship between smoking status and SARS-CoV-2 infection severity. Results A total of 901 confirmed COVID-19 cases participated in the study, 50.8% were females. The mean age of patients was 38.4 years (SD = 15.3). Of the total sample, 521(57.8%) were current smokers. Regarding infection severity, 14.8% were asymptomatic, 69.9% had mild symptoms, while 15.3% had severe infection. In the overall sample, smoking status, smoking types and dose–response were not significantly associated with infection severity. Upon stratifying the entire sample by gender, no association was found between all the considered variables with infection severity among females. However, a significant association was found among male with mild infection compared to their asymptomatic counterparts (OR = 1.78 95% CI (1.01–3.13)). Waterpipe smoking was found to be associated with infection severity among male with mild infection (OR 2.64 (95% CI 1.32–5.27)) and severe infection 2.79, 95% CI (1.19–6.53) compared to their asymptomatic counterparts. Conclusion Our fundings highlight sex differences in the association between tobacco smoking and COVID-19 severity. Current tobacco smoking was not associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection severity among female patients, however, tobacco smoking, particularly waterpipe, was found to be associated with infection severity among male. Thus, the battle against smoking should continue by assisting smokers to successfully and permanently quit.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoking status and SARS-CoV-2 infection severity among Lebanese adults: a cross-sectional study

Hoballah¹,

Haidari²,

Badran³

et al. 2022

BMC Infect Dis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Current smoking status was associated with more complications, but it was not associated with heath recovery and return to the usual health. In some studies, current smoking is a risk factor of illness severity, but there are different results with respect to complications [56,59,[73][74][75][76]. However, the incidence of COVID-19 in current smokers is lower than in non-smokers [77].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complications Post-COVID-19 and Risk Factors among Patients after Six Months of a SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Population-Based Prospective Cohort Study

Domènech-Montoliu¹,

Puig-Barberà

Pac-Sa³

et al. 2022

Epidemiologia

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In October 2020, we conducted a population-based prospective cohort study to determine post-COVID-19 complications, recovery, return to usual health, and associated risk factors in 536 cases of COVID-19 outbreak in Borriana (Spain) by administering an epidemiological questionnaire via phone interviews. A total of 484 patients participated (90.3%), age mean 37.2 ± 17.1 years, and 301 females (62.2%). Mild illness was the most common COVID-19 manifestation. After six months, 160 patients (33.1%) suffered at least one complication post-COVID-19, and 47 (29.4%) of them sought medical assistance. The most frequent persistent symptoms were hair loss, fatigue, loss of smell or taste, and headache. Risk factors associated with a complication were female sex (adjusted relative risk, [aRR] = 1.93 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.41–2.65), age 35 years and above (aRR = 1.50 95% CI 1.14–1.99), B blood group (aRR = 1.51 95% CI 1.04–2.16), current smoker (RR = 1.61 95% CI 1.02–2.54), and at least a COVID-19 exposure (aRR = 2.13 95% CI 1.11–4.09). Male sex, age younger than 35 years, and low COVID-19 exposures were associated with better recovery and return to usual health. A third of patients presented persistent symptoms compatible with the long-COVID-19 syndrome. In conclusion, an active medical follow-up of post-COVID-19 patients must be implemented.

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“…Several studies suggest that COVID-19 primarily targets the lungs; smokingrelated lung disorders often overlap with other respiratory comorbidities in COVID-19 patients, such as chronic bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and emphysema (Alluhaymid et al, 2020). However, research remains on smoking as a risk factor for a worse COVID-19 prognosis and calls for quitting smoking amid the pandemic (Khalil et al, 2021). The results showed that the female sex had a longer hospitalization length than the male.…”

Section: Smokementioning

confidence: 99%

“…12 (Khalil et al, 2021) A Retrospective study 743 patients at Rafik Hariri University Hospital (RHUH)…”

Section: (Al-salameh Et Al 2021)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Factor Contributing Length of Stay of COVID-19 Patients in Hospitals: Scoping Review

et al. 2022

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The very high transmission of COVID-19 has had a massive impact on the current health system, one of which is in hospitals. Understanding the length of stay for COVID-19 patients is needed in a pandemic because the demand for patient care in hospitals is increasing. This paper aims to understand the factors that can affect the length of stay of COVID-19 patients in the hospital. Searches were done on online databases at ScienceDirect, EBSCO, and Google Scholar. A systematic review was carried out on journals published in the last three years, namely 2019-2022, and in English, and met the inclusion and exclusion criteria that had been set. The search results found 12 articles that met the criteria and discussed various factors influencing the severity and length of hospital stay. Several factors identified as having an effect were comorbid, gender, smoking, gender, type of virus, severity, age, and laboratory finding. Hospital preparedness is needed to deal with fluctuations in COVID-19 patients and the number of requests for treatment facilities during the pandemic.

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Questioning the sex-specific differences in the association of smoking on the survival rate of hospitalized COVID-19 patients

Cited by 8 publications

References 24 publications

Smoking status and SARS-CoV-2 infection severity among Lebanese adults: a cross-sectional study

Smoking status and SARS-CoV-2 infection severity among Lebanese adults: a cross-sectional study

Complications Post-COVID-19 and Risk Factors among Patients after Six Months of a SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Population-Based Prospective Cohort Study

Factor Contributing Length of Stay of COVID-19 Patients in Hospitals: Scoping Review

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