Questionnaire Development of a Good Nurse and Better Nursing From Korean Nurses' Perspective

Abstract

Background The concepts of “good nurse” and “better nursing” have changed over time and should be investigated from the perspective of nurses. Purpose The aim of this study was to develop and assess the psychometric properties of two questionnaires used to assess “good nurse” and “better nursing.” Methods The interview data of 30 registered nurses (RNs) from a previous study were reviewed to develop the questionnaire items, and content validity was examined. One hundred seventeen RNs participated in a pilot survey for pretesting the constructs, 469 RNs participated in a main survey to explore these constructs using exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and 468 RNs participated in model refining and validation using confirmatory factor analysis. Results After a critical review of RN interview data and content validity evaluation, 73 of 124 statements on “good nurse” and 56 of 57 statements on “better nursing” were selected. In the pilot survey, the number of items was reduced to 45 for both questionnaires using an EFA. In the main survey, EFA was used to load 34 items on the five factors of the good nurse questionnaire and 26 items on the three factors of the better nursing questionnaire. In the confirmatory factor analysis, to obtain better fitting models, the good nurse questionnaire consisted of 17 items on the five factors of collaboration, professional competency, self-efficacy, a sense of achievement, and compassion, whereas the better nursing questionnaire consisted of 16 items on the three factors of person-centered nursing, proactive nursing, and expertise in caring. The construct reliability, convergent validity, and discriminant validity of the questionnaires were achieved. Conclusions/Implications for Practice The concept of “good nurse” from the perspectives of the nurses in this study was similar with those of patients in previous studies, while including individual traits such as sense of achievement. Better nursing is conceptualized with the exemplary performance of nursing focusing on the nature of nursing and leading excellence and power in clinical practice. The study findings inform what nursing education and workforce development should focus on for nursing to continuously progress. Furthermore, it is recommended that the concepts of a good nurse and better nursing be compared across different countries using the questionnaires.

The relationship between general self‐efficacy and nursing practice competence for second‐year nurses: Empirical quantitative research

“…The factors that foster a ‘good nurse’ include specialized competencies, self‐efficacy and thoughtfulness. The current healthcare environment requires nurses to have high self‐efficacy (Park & Park, 2020 ). Therefore, safe and empathetic nursing care can be promoted by increasing general self‐efficacy and developing nursing competencies and quality nursing practice for second‐year nurses.…”

Proactive Nursing: A Concept Analysis

“…Employing practices beyond established protocols involves active behaviors for solving unfolding issues in an innovative way [34]. Nurses' initiatives that go beyond their standard job description can make positive changes in healthcare [35].…”

Psychometric Evaluation of the Capstone Core Competency Scale on Nursing Students in Taiwan

“…This tool included 196 items classified into 12 core competence categories using content analysis in a final evaluation at the end of the clinical placement (Tommasini et al, 2017). A Korean study used a core competency scale containing 70 items classified into five subscales to evaluate Korean nursing students (Lee et al, 2019), whereas another study described the psychometric properties of two questionnaires with 34 items used to assess the concepts of "good nurse" and "better nursing" (Park & Park, 2020). In addition, the Competency Outcomes and Competency Assessment (COPA) model addresses three factors (affective, cognitive, and psychomotor skills) for bachelor nursing programs with eight core practice competencies (Lenburg et al, 2011).…”

“…Previous studies have focused on evaluating the competency of newly graduated nurses, experienced nurses (Halcomb et al, 2016; Park & Park, 2020; Yang et al, 2013), and nursing students (Hsu & Hsieh, 2013; Lee et al, 2019; Tommasini et al, 2017). However, these scales include various factors and a significant number of items that require significant time to complete.…”