“…ACA has recorded huge success when used to solve other combinatorial problems including graph coloring [42], data mining and optimization [59], [160], Machine learning [48], [49], [69], [141], [158], [165] mobile robots [31], [155], network routing and load-balancing [193], vehicle routing [55], fuzzy controller [108], quadratic assignment [135] and the shortest common super-sequence problem [145]. Although, a global behavior emerges, through these simple local interactions between individual ants since each of them possesses only limited skill and communication capability.…”