Quince Seed, Psyllium Seed, Flax Seed, and Okra Gums

BeMiller, James N.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-746252-3.50021-6

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The solubility of 0.5% solution of flax seed mucilage was between 70 and 90% and indicates that it can be readily solubilized at concentrations up to 0.5% (w/v). This is much higher than the concentration range of 0.1-0.2% reported by BeMiller (1973). The observed order for solubility of gums (gum arabic > mucilage > guar > locust bean gums) is consistent with that reported by Glickman (1969).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…The hull is tough and fibrous, contains little protein and oil, and consists of four layers; the outer one contains a mucilaginous carbohydrate material (Pryde, 1983). The mucilage accounts for about 8% of the flax seed weight, and is known to be composed primarily of polysaccharides which, on acid-catalyzed hydrolysis, yield L-galactose, D-xylose, L-arabinose, L-rhamnose, D-galacturonic acid and perhaps, traces of D-glucose (BeMiller, 1973). Polysaccharide gums are of commercial importance in the food and other industries (Glicksman, 1969;Whistler and BeMiller, 1973;Blanshard and Mitchell, 1979;Phillips et al, 1986;Trudso, 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…gum arabic) are used as viscosity enhancers and stabilizers of colloidal SOIS. Functionally, flax seed mucilage appears to resemble gum arabic more closely than any other of the common gums, and it has been suggested that it can replace gum arabic in emulsions (BeMiller, 1973). The concentration necessary to stabilize an emulsion is from 0.5 to lS%, depending on the purity of the gum (BeMiller, 1973).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Functionally, flax seed mucilage appears to resemble gum arabic more closely than any other of the common gums, and it has been suggested that it can replace gum arabic in emulsions (BeMiller, 1973). The concentration necessary to stabilize an emulsion is from 0.5 to lS%, depending on the purity of the gum (BeMiller, 1973). Nonetheless, flax seed mucilage is not commonly used as a stabilizer or a thickening agent in food pioducts, and the reason for this appears to be the lack of reliable information on its functionality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Functional Properties of Flax Seed Mucilage

Mazza

Βiliaderis

1989

Journal of Food Science

186

117

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Flax seed (Linum usitati.wimum L.) mucilage was prepared by extraction of seeds with water followed by evaporation, precipitation with ethanol and freeze drying of extract. Proximate composition, solubility, foamability and moisture sorption characteristics were determined. The mucilage contained less carbohydrates, more minerals and more protein than commercial locust bean and guar gums. Its solubility, however, was higher than locust bean and guar gums, and lower than gum arabic. Flax seed mucilage exhibited good foam stability properties in aqueous solutions at 1.0% (w/v). Very diluted solutions exhibited Newtonian-like behavior while shear thinning was shown at concentrations above 0.2% (w/v). The viscosity was maximum at a pH range 6.0-8.0 and it was reduced in solutions containing NaCI.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Functional Properties of Flax Seed Mucilage

Mazza

Βiliaderis

1989

Journal of Food Science

186

117

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“…Thus, this work shows that the mucilage release process would be related to the composition in RG I, AX, and XG of the different layers of the MSCs, the synthesis of these polysaccharides occurring in successive steps. This parameter could be mentioned beyond the factors that affect the mucilage yields such as genotype, environmental conditions and extraction procedures (BeMiller, 1973; Diederichsen et al, 2006; Paynel et al, 2013). Finally, further chemical studies on flax MSCs, Arabidopsis natural variants and other crop species with similar internal MSC structure, like Sinapis alba (Esau, 1977) and Plantago ovata (Hyde, 1970; Tucker et al, 2017; Yu et al, 2017) could promise new discoveries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytological Approaches Combined With Chemical Analysis Reveals the Layered Nature of Flax Mucilage

et al. 2019

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The external seed coat cell layer of certain species is specialized in the production and extrusion of a polysaccharide matrix called mucilage. Variations in the content of the released mucilage have been mainly associated with genetically regulated physiological modifications. Understanding the mucilage extrusion process in crop species is of importance to gain deeper insight into the complex cell wall biosynthesis and dynamics. In this study, we took advantage of the varying polysaccharide composition and the size of the flax mucilage secretory cells (MSCs) to study mucilage composition and extrusion in this species of agricultural interest. We demonstrate herein that flax MSCs are structured in four superimposed layers and that rhamnogalacturonans I (RG I) are firstly synthesized, in the upper face, preceding arabinoxylan and glucan synthesis in MSC lower layers. Our results also reveal that the flax mucilage release originates from inside MSC, between the upper and deeper layers, the latter collaborating to trigger polysaccharide expansion, radial cell wall breaking and mucilage extrusion in a peeling fashion. Here, we provide evidence that the layer organization and polysaccharide composition of the MSCs regulate the mucilage release efficiency like a peeling mechanism. Finally, we propose that flax MSCs may represent an excellent model for further investigations of mucilage biosynthesis and its release.

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