Quinoa: A New Crop for Harsh Environments

Nanduri, Kameswara Rao; Hirich, Abdelaziz; Salehi, M.; Saadat, Saeed; Jacobsen, Sven Erick

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-04417-6_19

Cited by 20 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…It is actually a pseudo-cereal due to its morphological grain shape like grass crops. It is classified into five ecotypes, based on geographic adaptation in the center of diversity (Hinojosa et al, 2018): Quinoa is a highly resilient crop that not only has superior nutritional quality vis-à-vis common cereals but can also withstand environments where other crops have difficulty to grow (Choukr-Allah et al, 2016;Nanduri et al, 2019). Since 2013, when UN/FAO designated 2013 as the International Year of Quinoa, interest in this crop has increased markedly worldwide due to awareness, mainly because of its balanced nutritional profile and its potential as an alternative to feed the growing world population in a sustainable manner, especially when more food has to come from marginal environments (Jacobsen et al, 2013;Zurita-Silva et al, 2014).…”

Section: Quinoamentioning

confidence: 99%

Healthy and Resilient Cereals and Pseudo-Cereals for Marginal Agriculture: Molecular Advances for Improving Nutrient Bioavailability

et al. 2020

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With the ever-increasing world population, an extra 1.5 billion mouths need to be fed by 2050 with continuously dwindling arable land. Hence, it is imperative that extra food come from the marginal lands that are expected to be unsuitable for growing major staple crops under the adverse climate change scenario. Crop diversity provides right alternatives for marginal environments to improve food, feed, and nutritional security. Well-adapted and climate-resilient crops will be the best fit for such a scenario to produce seed and biomass. The minor millets are known for their high nutritional profile and better resilience for several abiotic stresses that make them the suitable crops for arid and salt-affected soils and poor-quality waters. Finger millet (Eleucine coracana) and foxtail millet (Setaria italica), also considered as orphan crops, are highly tolerant grass crop species that grow well in marginal and degraded lands of Africa and Asia with better nutritional profile. Another category of grains, called pseudo-cereals, is considered as rich foods because of their protein quality and content, high mineral content, and healthy and balance food quality. Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa), amaranth (Amaranthus sp.), and buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) fall under this category. Nevertheless, both minor millets and pseudo-cereals are morphologically different, although similar for micronutrient bioavailability, and their grains are gluten-free. The cultivation of these millets can make dry lands productive and ensure future food as well as nutritional security. Although the natural nutrient profile of these crop plant species is remarkably good, little development has occurred in advances in molecular genetics and breeding efforts to improve the bioavailability of nutrients. Recent advances in NGS have enabled the genome and transcriptome sequencing of these millets and pseudo-cereals for the faster development of molecular markers and application in molecular breeding. Genomic information on finger millet (1,196 Mb with 85,243 genes); S. italica, a model small millet (well-annotated draft genome of 420 Mb with 38,801 protein-coding genes); amaranth (466 Mb genome and 23,059 protein-coding genes); buckwheat (genome size of 1.12 Gb with 35,816 annotated genes); and quinoa (genome size of 1.5 Gb containing 54,438 protein-coding genes) could pave the way for the genetic improvement of these grains. These genomic resources are an important first step toward genetic improvement of these crops. This

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Section: Quinoamentioning

confidence: 99%

Healthy and Resilient Cereals and Pseudo-Cereals for Marginal Agriculture: Molecular Advances for Improving Nutrient Bioavailability

et al. 2020

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“…According to Atia et al (2019), Portulaca oleracea is rich in omega-3 FA which are known for immune system enhancement and role in prevention of the heart attack, and species Salicornia bigelovii is cultivated as a new oilseed crop because of seeds containing about 30% of oil with very pleasant, nutty aroma and higher content of linoleic acid comparing to sunflower oil. Chenopodium quinoa is considered as promising pseudocereal, which could be irrigated with saline water (Nanduri et al 2019). Quinoa has received attention because of its high nutritional value due to high proportion of unsaturated fatty acids (particularly oleic and linoleic acid), high protein (i.e., lysine, unlike wheat and rice), fiber, and mineral content.…”

Section: Nutritional Lipids From Halophytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Quinoa has received attention because of its high nutritional value due to high proportion of unsaturated fatty acids (particularly oleic and linoleic acid), high protein (i.e., lysine, unlike wheat and rice), fiber, and mineral content. Finally, quinoa is gluten-free and suitable for celiac patients and for prevention of type 2 diabetes (Nanduri et al 2019).…”

Section: Nutritional Lipids From Halophytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management and Ecosystem Services of Halophytic Vegetation

Luković

Aćić

Šoštarić

et al. 2020

Handbook of Halophytes

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Saline habitats as primary type of ecologically valuable ecosystems play an important role in the range of ecosystem services from supporting and regulating to provisioning and cultural. The aim of this chapter is to overview the main groups of ecosystem services relevant to saline ecosystems. Main characteristics of saline habitats include the presence of salt-tolerant plants and halophytic vegetation occurring on different salt-affected soils. Halophytes have certain commercial use and value, as food, fodder, and source of fiber, highly nutritious oilseeds, biomass, etc. Of particular interest is potential of halophytes to produce bioactive metabolites, which can be used in production of pharmaceuticals and food additives and natural herbal remedies and similar products. Although some

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“…Diversification of production systems through introduction of new salt-tolerant and water-use efficient crops is a key adaptation measures for rural communities to improve their incomes under climate change. Promotion of alternative agricultural production systems can assist in exploiting the available soil, water and crop resources, and transferring of innovations in agriculture [Hirich et al, 2014;FAO, 2016;Rao et al, 2019]. Appropriate evaluation of non-traditional and traditional crops tolerant to abiotic and biotic stress, including high salinity (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ability of quinoa to produce high-quality proteins under extreme environmental conditions makes it an important crop not only for Andean communities but also for the diversification of future agricultural systems over the world [Rao et al, 2019]. Certain varieties grow well in difficult conditions because they are drought-and salt-resistant; plants grow in mountainous areas and lowlands, which confirms its universality as a crop that adapts to the surrounding climatic conditions [Zaman et al, 2018;Toderich et al, 2013;Rao et al, 2019]. Due to its high adaptability to different climatic conditions and effective water consumption, quinoa is an excellent alternative grain cash crops under ongoing climate change.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative studies of reproductive biology, seed morphology and anatomy of new salt tolerant accessions of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) introduced in Kur-Araz lowland (Azerbaijan)

Gasimova¹

2019

plantfungalres

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Investigated salt tolerant top-ranking accessions of Quinoa introduced on drought prone and salt affected soils with higher clay contents, water holding capacity, evapotranspiration and shallow water in Kur-Araz (Azerbaijan) undergone all ontogenetic reproductive (pollen grain productivity, embryo and fruit developmental stages) and produce viable seeds. The floral initiation stage varies between 66-77 days depending on genotype, plant height, days to flowering and to seed maturity, and dry weight biomass (p > 0.05). The interaction effect of location and genotypes was significant for days to flowering and seed maturity and dry weight, though not for plant height and seed yield. Three earlymiddle and late-flowering, and thus early-middle and late seed maturation clusters of quinoas was described. Quinoa is predominantly self-pollinating species, but pollination inside the inflorescence by means of wind (anemophilous) or with support of small insects (entomophilous) occurs. There was no significant difference in the fruit and seed morphology among investigated accessions of quinoa cultivated under new environments. Fruits of quinoa are simple, dry, indehiscent, achene, monosperm with white pericarp in the mature state and remainans of perigonium, albuminous white or yellowish seed 1.8-2.5 mm in diameter. In quinoa seeds the pericarp is very thin; as a result, the achene is also referred to as utricle. Viable seed contains a peripheral, curved embryo surrounding by perisperm and pericarp. Pronounced micropylar endosperm (a non-embryonic tissue) of one or two cell layers thick forms a cone surrounds the root apical meristem of the embryo. Anatomy of quinoa micropylar endosperm revealed similarities in structure with coleorhiza cells in cereals. Both tissues serve as store reserve and play vital role by protecting the root apical meristem in the quiescent seed and control dormancy during germination. Further investigation of micropylar cellular tissue of quinoa, where stores lipids, proteins and minerals should be considered to select better adapted genotypes with high seed yields and nutritional quality combined with salt-and drought-tolerance. Freshly collected quinoa seeds have endogenous physiological type of dormancy. All investigated quinoa accessions, except Quinoa-Q2 showed high germination rate (78-85%) through 16 hours at room temperature (24-25 ºC). Identification of desirable genotypes needs to be followed by work on optimization of cultural practices and seed storage to maximize productivity under the drought-prone and salt affected of Kur-Araz farming areas. Early seed sowing in the field is required, thus early flowering and seed maturation occurs long before heat summer season starts.

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Quinoa: A New Crop for Harsh Environments

Cited by 20 publications

References 36 publications

Healthy and Resilient Cereals and Pseudo-Cereals for Marginal Agriculture: Molecular Advances for Improving Nutrient Bioavailability

Healthy and Resilient Cereals and Pseudo-Cereals for Marginal Agriculture: Molecular Advances for Improving Nutrient Bioavailability

Management and Ecosystem Services of Halophytic Vegetation

Comparative studies of reproductive biology, seed morphology and anatomy of new salt tolerant accessions of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) introduced in Kur-Araz lowland (Azerbaijan)

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