Quinupristin/Dalfopristin-Resistant Enterococci of thesatA(vatD) andsatG(vatE) Genotypes from Different Ecological Origins in Germany

Werner, Guido; Klare, Ingo; Heier, H.; Hinz, K.‐H.; Böhme, G; Wendt, Michael; Witte, Wolfgang

doi:10.1089/mdr.2000.6.37

Cited by 76 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…We found vatE in 15% of QDREF isolates (from one human and from turkey and chicken farms) and did not find vatD. This differs from findings of European studies, where most QDREF has been attributed to vatE or vatD (31,36). We found vatE mainly among QDREF isolates from turkeys and chickens.…”

Section: Downloaded Fromcontrasting

confidence: 97%

“…Similar observations have been made in other studies, demonstrating a broad diversity of PFGE patterns among enterococci with various resistance phenotypes and suggesting that it is uncommon to find shared PFGE strain types among human and animal isolates of enterococci (1,36,38). Evaluation of larger numbers of isolates may be needed to further elucidate clonal relationships.…”

Section: Downloaded Fromsupporting

confidence: 82%

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Quinupristin-Dalfopristin Resistance inEnterococcus faeciumIsolates from Humans, Farm Animals, and Grocery Store Meat in the United States

et al. 2006

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Three hundred sixty-one quinupristin-dalfopristin (Q-D)-resistant Enterococcus faecium (QDREF) isolateswere isolated from humans, turkeys, chickens, swine, dairy and beef cattle from farms, chicken carcasses, and ground pork from grocery stores in the United States from 1995 to 2003. These isolates were evaluated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) to determine possible commonality between QDREF isolates from human and animal sources. PCR was performed to detect the streptogramin resistance genes vatD, vatE, and vgbA and the macrolide resistance gene ermB to determine the genetic mechanism of resistance in these isolates. QDREF from humans did not have PFGE patterns similar to those from animal sources. vatE was found in 35%, 26%, and 2% of QDREF isolates from turkeys, chickens, and humans, respectively, and was not found in QDREF isolates from other sources. ermB was commonly found in QDREF isolates from all sources. Known streptogramin resistance genes were absent in the majority of isolates, suggesting the presence of other, as-yet-undetermined, mechanisms of Q-D resistance.

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Section: Downloaded Fromcontrasting

confidence: 97%

Section: Downloaded Fromsupporting

confidence: 82%

Quinupristin-Dalfopristin Resistance inEnterococcus faeciumIsolates from Humans, Farm Animals, and Grocery Store Meat in the United States

et al. 2006

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“…In addition, 26% of E. faecium isolates from Spain contained tet(S), a result that was not observed among the isolates from Denmark. Chloramphenicol resistance was mediated in most isolates by cat-pIP501, as has also been reported previously (2,21). However, three (13%) of the isolates from Spain contained cat-SBK, while no resistance genes could be observed in two isolates.…”

Section: Quinupristin-dalfopristin [Vat(d) Vat(e)] and Tetracyclinesupporting

confidence: 85%

Antimicrobial Resistance among Enterococci from Pigs in Three European Countries

Aarestrup¹,

Hasman²,

Jensen³

et al. 2002

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Enterococci from pigs in Denmark, Spain, and Sweden were examined for susceptibility to antimicrobial agents and copper and the presence of selected resistance genes. The greatest levels of resistance were found among isolates from Spain and Denmark compared to those from Sweden, which corresponds to the amounts of antimicrobial agents used in food animal production in those countries. Similar genes were found to encode resistance in the different countries, but the tet(L) and tet(S) genes were more frequently found among isolates from Spain. A recently identified transferable copper resistance gene was found in all copper-resistant isolates from the different countries.

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“…Since some of the clinical isolates in both collections carried several SGA r genes, we cannot rule out the possibility that staphylococci contain unknown genes, whereas among E. faecium strains new genes have to be characterized. In the study by Werner et al (34), 7 of the 148 E. faecium isolates resistant to the mixtures did not contain any of the SGA r genes described to date and in the study by Soltani et al (29), 8 of the 28 E. faecium mixtureresistant isolates did not contain any of these genes. Despite the multiplicity of unrelated clones detected in the present study, only six distinct SG r patterns were found.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Clonal Diversity among Streptogramin A-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolates Collected in French Hospitals

Haroche¹,

Morvan²,

Davi³

et al. 2003

J Clin Microbiol

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We analyzed 62 clinical isolates of streptogramin A-resistant (SGA r ) Staphylococcus aureus collected between 1981 and 2001 in 14 hospitals located in seven French cities. These isolates, including five with decreased susceptibility to glycopeptides, were distributed into 45 antibiotypes and 38 SmaI genotypes. Each of these genotypes included between 1 and 11 isolates, the SmaI patterns of which differed by no more than three bands. Although numerous clones were identified, we observed the spread of monoclonal isolates either within the same hospital or within hospitals in distinct cities and at large time intervals. Hybridization with probes directed against 10 SGA r genes (vatA, vatB, vatC, vatD, vatE, vgaA, vgaB, vgaAv, vgbA, and vgbB) revealed six patterns: vgaAv (21 isolates), vatA-vgbA (24 isolates), vgaAv-vatB-vgaB (14 isolates), vgaAv-vatA-vgbA (1 isolate), vgaAv-vatA-vgbA-vatB-vgaB (1 isolate), and vgaA (1 isolate). We detected at least one SGA r determinant in all of the tested isolates. vgaAv, which is part of the recently characterized transposon Tn5406, was found in 59.7% of the tested isolates. Of the 16 streptogramin B-susceptible isolates, 14 carried vgaAv alone and were susceptible to the mixtures of streptogramins, whereas the 2 isolates carrying vgaAv-vatB-vgaB were resistant to these mixtures. vatA-vgbA was found on plasmids of the same apparent size in 26 (42%) of the tested clinical isolates from 18 unrelated SmaI genotypes. The possible dissemination of some of the multiple clones characterized in the present study with an expected increased selective pressure of streptogramins following the recent licensing of Synercid (quinupristin-dalfopristin) must be carefully monitored.Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has become a major nosocomial pathogen worldwide. Glycopeptides have been the reference drugs for the treatment of MRSA infections (16,21,30). After the emergence of clones with decreased susceptibility to these antibiotics, first reported as sporadic cases in several countries and more recently also as outbreaks, alternative treatments such as quinupristin-dalfopristin (Synercid) have been promoted (17,21,33). Quinupristin and dalfopristin are derivatives of pristinamycins IA and IIA, respectively (10). Quinupristin-dalfopristin is an injectable, semisynthetic, mixture with a synergistic activity against most gram-positive pathogens. Since 1999, quinupristin-dalfopristin has been available for use in hospitals for the treatment of infections caused by gram-positive cocci that are resistant to other antibiotics.Quinupristin-dalfopristin and the natural antibiotics produced by streptomycetes, such as streptogramin, pristinamycin, synergistin, mikamycin, and virginiamycin, are mixtures of two classes of compounds, A and B, with distinct primary structures (10, 14). The A compounds are polyunsaturated cyclic macrolactones, and the B compounds are cyclic hexadepsipeptides. Both types of compounds bind different targets in the peptidyltransferase domain of the 23S ribosoma...

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Quinupristin/Dalfopristin-Resistant Enterococci of thesatA(vatD) andsatG(vatE) Genotypes from Different Ecological Origins in Germany

Cited by 76 publications

References 36 publications

Quinupristin-Dalfopristin Resistance inEnterococcus faeciumIsolates from Humans, Farm Animals, and Grocery Store Meat in the United States

Quinupristin-Dalfopristin Resistance inEnterococcus faeciumIsolates from Humans, Farm Animals, and Grocery Store Meat in the United States

Antimicrobial Resistance among Enterococci from Pigs in Three European Countries

Clonal Diversity among Streptogramin A-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolates Collected in French Hospitals

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