Quota Restriction and Goldbricking in a Machine Shop

Roy, D. J. Le

doi:10.4324/9781003073666-12

Cited by 16 publications

(26 citation statements)

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“…Studies of such practices offer key insights into the shadowy territory that trainees likely traverse when approved means for learning are not enough. Some of these explore policy-breaking practices (Gouldner, 1954; Paulsen, 2015), while others focus on practices that run counter to norms but do not break rules (Roy, 1952; O’Mahony and Bechky, 2006). Such research has clearly shown that organizational phenomena such as organizational control (Anteby, 2008), collaborative efficiency (Bernstein, 2012), and technology implementation (Gasser, 1986) unfold in qualitatively different ways when enacted outside the bounds of legitimized practice, with consequential and different implications for organizations and the workers who inhabit them.…”

Section: Prior Research On Learning In Communities Of Practicementioning

confidence: 99%

Shadow Learning: Building Robotic Surgical Skill When Approved Means Fail

Beane

2018

Administrative Science Quarterly

158

140

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I explore here how trainees in a community of practice learn new techniques and technologies when approved practices for learning are insufficient. I do so through two studies: a two-year, five-sited, comparative ethnographic study of learning in robotic and traditional surgical practice, and a blinded interviewbased study of surgical learning practices at 13 top-tier teaching hospitals around the U.S. I found that learning surgery through increasing participation using approved methods worked well in traditional (open) surgery, as current literature would predict. But the radically different practice of robotic surgery greatly limited trainees' role in the work, making approved methods ineffective. Learning surgery in this context required what I call ''shadow learning'': an interconnected set of norm-and policy-challenging practices enacted extensively, opportunistically, and in relative isolation that allowed only a minority of robotic surgical trainees to come to competence. Successful trainees engaged extensively in three practices: ''premature specialization'' in robotic surgical technique at the expense of generalist training; ''abstract rehearsal'' before and during their surgical rotations when concrete, empirically faithful rehearsal was prized; and ''undersupervised struggle,'' in which they performed robotic surgical work close to the edge of their capacity with little expert supervision-when norms and policy dictated such supervision. Shadow learning practices were neither punished nor forbidden, and they contributed to significant and troubling outcomes for the cadre of initiate surgeons and the profession, including hyperspecialization and a decreasing supply of experts relative to demand.

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Section: Prior Research On Learning In Communities Of Practicementioning

confidence: 99%

Shadow Learning: Building Robotic Surgical Skill When Approved Means Fail

Beane

2018

Administrative Science Quarterly

158

140

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“…The resulting behaviours and practices include exploiting indirect supervision and achieving performance goals while doing things differently (e.g. asking colleagues to take over while leaving to smoke, reading a magazine, playing around with the smart phone, or waiting for additional blood test orders instead tackling them one by one) (see also Hood, 1988; Roy, 1952). Moreover, deviant behaviours also include bending general daytime rules and safety regulations (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In organizational research, we find a few remarks about night(work), but only in passing: in a paper on goldbricking (i.e. doing less work than one is able to), Roy (1952) mentions workers on nightshift doing their work in a few hours and then ‘sit[ting] around’ the rest of the night (p. 432). Hood (1988) shows that nightwork for janitors involves less direct supervision than during days, giving them more control over their work.…”

Section: Organizing the Nightmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At night, power, control and agency might work differently in organizations, as Roy (1952) and Hood (1988) have indicated. Moreover, nightwork, as we have seen earlier, indicates abnormal sleeping times and entails severe health problems that put the employees’ experiences and the limitations of the human body and mind into the biopolitical focus of attention (Foucault, 2008).…”

Section: Organizing the Nightmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In organization studies, night and nightwork have not been a focus so far, 1 although there are some scattered references. Roy (1952) briefly mentions that factory workers had their own ways of reaching their target performance at night, and Hood (1988) finds that janitors had more control over their work at night. These insights imply that night- and dayshifts in organizations differ and suggest that employees, given the often-negative physical impact of nightwork, might experience and respond to nightshifts differently than to dayshifts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Escaping (into) the night… : Organizations and work at night

Müller

2019

Organization Studies

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Despite the increasing normalization of nightwork, organizational researchers typically study organizations and work as daytime phenomena. A nocturnal lens, nevertheless, can provide a different picture of what is going on in organizations. In this paper, I introduce nightwork into organization studies with a qualitative case study of two research sites (a factory and a hospital laboratory), and analyse employee experiences at night and responses to differences between night- and dayshifts. This study contributes to literature on agency and escape, highlighting that night enables and encourages escape in ways that differ from those during the day. Moreover, the study shows that while employees can ‘escape into the night’ to avoid daytime rules and pressures, many also need to ‘escape from the night’ and the physical and mental exhaustion nightwork entails. The paper concludes by pointing to further research on night in organizations, nightwork and escape.

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Unintended responses to IT‐enabled monitoring: The case of the electronic logging device mandate

Scott

Balthrop

Miller

2020

J of Ops Management

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Research shows that electronic monitoring technologies can reduce illicit agent (e.g., frontline worker) behavior along monitored dimensions such that principals (e.g., firms) benefit. Drawing on theory from criminology regarding the concept of offense displacement, we explain why the benefits from increased monitoring may be mitigated if agents subsequently increase other types of illicit acts not subject to greater monitoring. We investigate this possibility by examining how a mandate requiring millions of truck drivers to adopt electronic logging devices to record their working hours affected different safety behaviors and outcomes. Using data from millions of driver inspections and crash counts before and after the mandate and a differences‐in‐differences identification strategy, we find greater monitoring due to the mandate achieved its first‐order effect of reducing the frequency that drivers were in non‐compliance with work hour rules (the monitored dimension). However, drivers for small firms that were most affected by the mandate also appear to have increased their frequency of unsafe driving (e.g., speeding). We also find that crash counts for small firms did not fall relative to large firms, and may have increased. These results call into question whether increased electronic monitoring has improved safety in this industry.

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Quota Restriction and Goldbricking in a Machine Shop

Cited by 16 publications

References 0 publications

Shadow Learning: Building Robotic Surgical Skill When Approved Means Fail

Shadow Learning: Building Robotic Surgical Skill When Approved Means Fail

Escaping (into) the night… : Organizations and work at night

Unintended responses to IT‐enabled monitoring: The case of the electronic logging device mandate

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