QWIP as versatile platform for advanced detection in LWIR

Ivanov, Ruslan; Evans, Dean R.; Smuk, Sergiy; Rihtnesberg, David; Höglund, Linda; Gulde, Max; Brunn, Andreas; Bierdel, Marius; Costard, E.

doi:10.1117/12.2618756

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Another investigated property of the array includes the bias dependence of its MTF. The bias-dependent optical response offers QWIP detectors wide tunability to fill a broad range of applications [3,4,5]. To answer if such adjustment affects the MTF value, we repeated the experiment for a set of applied biasing voltages under fixed illumination.…”

Section: Mtfmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…QWIP arrays are widely recognized for their excellent imagery properties in the thermal infrared spectral range (LWIR, 7.5-14 µm) [1]. Taking advantage of the technology-specific properties, IRnova have recently demonstrated that QWIP is a solid and flexible platform for advanced detector designs fulfilling requirements of such demanding applications as dual-color radiometry for Earth observation, polarimetric imaging and optical gas detection (OGI) [2,3,4,5]. In Ref.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Ref. 5, we showed how manufacturability of the technology translates into highly reproducible industrial production of the detector arrays with large area (established up to 16×12 mm 2 ) and small pitch size (down to 15 µm), with the uniformity maintained edge-to-edge over 4" wafers. All that has been achieved thanks to the robust III-V material-based design coupled with access to the mature semiconductor growth and processing techniques.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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QWIP: still the best solution for high-end applications in LWIR

Ivanov,

Högnadottir,

Ramos

et al. 2023

Infrared Technology and Applications XLIX

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Quantum well infrared photodetector (QWIP) technology is an excellent solution for tactical applications due to the unmatched image uniformity, stability, and pixel operability (typically <99.9%). IRnova have a high-volume production of QWIP detectors in both QVGA and VGA formats since 1999. In 2017 a VGA format QWIP with 15 μm pitch was released, which has demonstrated excellent sensitivity (expressed as noise equivalent temperature difference (NETD)) of 30 mK at F/2 and 100 Hz frame rate. QWIPs also enable compact designs for polarimetric imaging by implementing polarization-sensitive lamellar gratings directly onto the detector pixels. Such polarimetric LWIR detectors (peak absorption at 8.5 μm) have been fabricated at IRnova as both QVGA and VGA format FPAs on 30 and 15 μm pitch, respectively. Polarimetric imaging with these detectors is demonstrated in this work, showing polarimetric contrast as high as 57±5 % for the QVGA format detectors, while the VGA format arrays provide enhanced spatial resolution at the expense of a lower polarization contrast (≈21±2 %). Finally, to meet the demand of highly sensitive and reliable HD LWIR detectors, a 1280×1024 QWIP detector on 10 μm pitch is the next targeted format of IRnova’s QWIP sensors. In this work, the anticipated performance of such detectors will be presented based on the simulation result using the in-house developed tools. The modelling takes into account the relevant ROIC parameters, as well as scaling of the detector performance with pixel size.

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Section: Mtfmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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QWIP: still the best solution for high-end applications in LWIR

Ivanov,

Högnadottir,

Ramos

et al. 2023

Infrared Technology and Applications XLIX

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“…Despite the fast development of other technologies, the high-end applications still value QWIP detectors due to several advantages over the leading competitors, inter-band HgCdTe and GaSb-based superlattice detectors. Some of these advantages are mature large-format GaAs technologies, high uniformity, consistent improvement of performance with temperature reduction for low-background scenes, and high radiation hardness [ 5 , 6 , 7 ]. Over the last two decades, many theoretical and experimental studies of GaAs/AlGaAs-based QWIPs have been reported targeting the performance improvements and optimization of the QWIP structure and material parameters [ 8 , 9 , 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bias-Tunable Quantum Well Infrared Photodetector

Biswal,

Yakimov,

Tokranov

et al. 2024

Nanomaterials

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With the rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence-driven object recognition, the development of cognitive tunable imaging sensors has become a critically important field. In this paper, we demonstrate an infrared (IR) sensor with spectral tunability controlled by the applied bias between the long-wave and mid-wave IR spectral regions. The sensor is a Quantum Well Infrared Photodetector (QWIP) containing asymmetrically doped double QWs where the external electric field alters the electron population in the wells and hence spectral responsivity. The design rules are obtained by calculating the electronic transition energies for symmetric and antisymmetric double-QW states using a Schrödinger–Poisson solver. The sensor is grown and characterized aiming detection in mid-wave (~5 µm) to long-wave IR (~8 µm) spectral ranges. The structure is grown using molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) and contains 25 periods of coupled double GaAs QWs and Al0.38Ga0.62As barriers. One of the QWs in the pair is modulation-doped to provide asymmetry in potential. The QWIPs are tested with blackbody radiation and FTIR down to 77 K. As a result, the ratio of the responsivities of the two bands at about 5.5 and 8 µm is controlled over an order of magnitude demonstrating tunability between MWIR and LWIR spectral regions. Separate experiments using parameterized image transformations of wideband LWIR imagery are performed to lay the framework for utilizing tunable QWIP sensors in object recognition applications.

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