R&amp;D Human Capital, Renewable Energy and CO2 Emissions: Evidence from 26 Countries

Mentel, Grzegorz; Tarczyński, Waldemar; Azadi, Hossein; Abdurakmanov, Kalandar; Zakirova, Elina; Salahodjaev, Raufhon

doi:10.3390/en15239205

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…An increase of 1% in R&D corresponds to a decrease of 0.143% in CO 2 emissions. Our finding supports the results of Alam et al (2020), Wang and Zhang Frontiers in Environmental Science frontiersin.org (2020), Mentel et al (2022), Xu and Khan (2023), and Mamkhezri and Khezri (2023). The negative impact of R&D on CO 2 emissions is related to improving energy efficiency and energy-saving technologies, which require less energy consumption (Wang and Wang, 2019).…”

Section: Empirical Results and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Analyzing the nexus between tourism and CO2 emissions: the role of renewable energy and R&D

Balli,

Cengiz,

Koca Balli

et al. 2023

Front. Environ. Sci.

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This study aims to investigate the relationship between tourism development, renewable energy consumption (REN), research and development (R&D) expenditure, and CO2 emissions in 12 emerging markets and middle-income Europe spanning 1999–2020. We applied the panel autoregressive distributed lag and the Driscoll–Kraay estimator to determine the relationship between variables. According to both estimators’ results, a U-shaped relationship exists between economic growth and CO2 emissions. This result indicates that the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis is invalid in these countries. Furthermore, REN and R&D contribute to decreasing CO2 emissions and stimulating sustainable development. However, the impact of tourism development on CO2 emissions is found to be negative in panel autoregressive distributed lag but positive in the Driscoll and Kraay estimator for fixed and random effects. Moreover, the Dumitrescu and Hurlin panel causality test reveals a two-way causal relationship between R&D and CO2 emissions and a one-way causal linkage running from economic growth, the square of economic growth, and tourist arrival to CO2 emissions. Overall, our results prove the existence of a relationship between international tourism and CO2 emissions. Furthermore, our results suggest some policy recommendations for policymakers to reduce CO2 emissions through REN, R&D, green economic development, and establishing an ecologically friendly tourism policy.

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Section: Empirical Results and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Analyzing the nexus between tourism and CO2 emissions: the role of renewable energy and R&D

Balli,

Cengiz,

Koca Balli

et al. 2023

Front. Environ. Sci.

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“…A number of studies how that (Li and Lin, 2015;Liu and Bae, 2018) industrialization increases energy consumption and contributes to CO 2 emissions. At the same time, Mehmood and Tariq (2020) and Mentel et al (2022c) show that renewable energy consumption can influence the effect of industrialization on CO 2 10.3389/fenrg.2023.1123269 emissions. Therefore, we check whether the effect of renewable energy on CO 2 emissions retains its significance once we account for the level of industrialization in high-globalized countries (Table 4).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Renewable energy, GDP and CO2 emissions in high-globalized countries

Mirziyoyeva

Salahodjaev

2023

Front. Energy Res.

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Introduction: Policymakers devote significant efforts to decrease CO2 emissions, as climate change has Q7 numerous adverse impacts on society. While the global level of CO2 emissions has been gradually rising since the 1990s, the highest growth was observed in low- and middle-income economies. This study differs from nascent research as it fills the gap by exploring the GDP-energy-CO2 emissions nexus for the top 50 highly globalized countries under analysis. Our study explores the multidimensional relationship between economic growth, renewable energy, globalization, and climate change, using CO2 emissions as a proxy for air pollution, and focusing on the most globalized countries.Methods: In this study, we rely on dynamic panel estimators such as the two-step system GMM estimator. System GMM estimator is recommended to use with the panel data when 1) the correlation between a dependent variable and its lag is above 0.8; and 2) the number of countries (i.e., 50 countries) exceeds the time frame (i.e., 19 years). As our study design fits these conditions, we use extension of a two-step system GMM estimator which restricts the expansion of instruments. Moreover, a two-step system GMM estimator is especially efficient as it controls for heteroskedasticity.Results: We find that renewable energy and globalization decrease CO2 emissions. If causal, a 1 percentage point increase in the share of renewable energy in total energy consumption leads to a 0.26% decrease in per capita CO2 emissions. Similarly, we find that a larger representation of women in national parliament contributes to the reduction in CO2 emissions. GDP per capita has an inverted U-shaped relationship with CO2 emissions and the turning point is approximately 67,200 international dollars adjusted for PPP.Discussion: Our results suggest that renewable energy significantly contributes to the reduction of carbon emissions while GDP per capita has an inverted U-shaped link with CO2 emissions. Thus, we confirm the presence of the EKC hypothesis for highly-globalized countries. Consequently, our study offers several policy implications. Firstly, it is important for developing countries to increase the share of energy consumed from renewable energy sources. This will have a positive effect not only on air quality, but also on economic growth. Thus, it is essential to increase investment in the renewable energy sector and create conditions and benefits for the rapid adoption of renewable technologies by the private sector and households. Secondly, it is crucial to increase the quality of investment climate. Developing countries can significantly gain from globalization-driven FDI as this can lead to technology transfer, especially in the energy sector. Thirdly, our results suggest that improving female empowerment can significantly reduce the vulnerability to climate change. This can be achieved by increasing women’s human capital and investing in women-led organizations and communities.

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“…Studies on GHG emissions, economic growth, R&D and oil price and oil price volatility can be seen as an extension of the standard endogenous economic growth theory, in which R&D and other energy inputs facilitate economic production at a different level (Romer, 1986;Stokey, 1998). R&D creates technological innovations that can alleviate key global challenges (Mohamued et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Considering cognitive capital and the number of researchers engaged in research and development as components of national human capital, it can indeed reduce pollution levels and encourage public and private commitment to cleaner and environmentally friendly technologies (Larkin and Hystad, 2017;Mentel et al, 2022). Studies on R&D, innovation, pollution, and economic growth generally show that more human capital, as measured by intelligence or cognitive abilities, means greater commitment to environmentalism and pollution reduction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CO2 Emission and Research and Development Relationship for Azerbaijan

Huseynli

2024

IJEEP

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Countries take different measures to reduce environmental pollution. Countries sometimes choose taxation as a method for environmentally friendly production and consumption activities. On the other hand, they also make additional environmental expenditures to protect the environment. The method and implementation of the decisions to be taken differ from country to country. In this study, the relationship between CO2 emissions and government R&D expenditures for Azerbaijan is examined. In the study, causality analysis was carried out using annual data for the period 1998-2022. After performing the necessary assumption tests in the analysis, the Granger method was preferred. According to the findings of the study, no causal relationship could be determined between R&D expenditures and CO2 emissions. In other words, there is no causal relationship between these variables.

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R&D Human Capital, Renewable Energy and CO2 Emissions: Evidence from 26 Countries

Cited by 13 publications

References 50 publications

Analyzing the nexus between tourism and CO2 emissions: the role of renewable energy and R&D

Analyzing the nexus between tourism and CO2 emissions: the role of renewable energy and R&D

Renewable energy, GDP and CO2 emissions in high-globalized countries

CO2 Emission and Research and Development Relationship for Azerbaijan

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