R Factor‐Mediated Resistance to Aminoglycoside Antibiotics in <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>

Sagai, Hitoshi; Krčméry, V.; Hasuda, Katsumi; Iyobe, Shizuko; Knothe, H; Mitsuhashi, Susumu

doi:10.1111/j.1348-0421.1975.tb00958.x

Cited by 36 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Some of the plasmids mobilized to E. coli by the presence of P-1 group plasmids can replicate by themselves in that host (12,13,16). In contrast, many plasmids are incapable of replication in E. coli, except by recombination with the mobilizing plasmid (13,20).Recently the isolation frequency of gentamicin-resistant P. aeruginosa strains has increased (3,4,14,18,21,24,26). We have also isolated plasmids mediating gentamicin resistance and transferable by conjugation to a recipient P. aeruginosa strain in 20% of the 91 gentamicinresistant P. aeruginosa isolates from clinical specimens in Japan.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Recently the isolation frequency of gentamicin-resistant P. aeruginosa strains has increased (3,4,14,18,21,24,26). We have also isolated plasmids mediating gentamicin resistance and transferable by conjugation to a recipient P. aeruginosa strain in 20% of the 91 gentamicinresistant P. aeruginosa isolates from clinical specimens in Japan.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Preparation of cell-free extract and assay of aminoglycosidemodifying enzymes were carried out by the slightly modified procedure described previously (24). For the bioassay of enzymes, 0.15 ml of S-30 fraction was supplied to the mixture containing 0.05 ml of coenzyme (20 mM ATP or 1 mM acetyl coenzyme A), 0.05 ml of 20 mM MgCI2, and 0.2 ml of 0.2 M buffer (sodium acetate, pH 6; Tris-malate, pH 7; Tris-hydrochloride, pH 8).…”

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Plasmid-mediated gentamicin resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and its lack of expression in Escherichia coli

Kato¹,

Sato²,

Iyobe³

et al. 1982

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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We isolated 11 nonconjugative plasmids mediating resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics, including gentamicin, from Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. Their genetic properties were investigated in both P. aeruginosa and Escherichia coli transformants. The plasmid molecular weights ranged from 11 x 106 to 24 x 106. A low level or complete absence of gentamicin resistance was observed when these plasmids were introduced into E. coli, but gentamicin resistance was restored when the plasmids were transferred back to P. aeruginosa from E. coli. Aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme activity was detected in P. aeruginosa harboring these plasmids, but was absent or greatly reduced in E. coli strains. This lack of expression may explain the observed decrease in aminoglycoside resistance.Plasmids isolated from Pseudomonas aeruginosa have been classified into 11 incompatibility groups. Most of the conjugative plasmids are nontransmissible to Escherichia coli strains, except for plasmids of the P-1 or P-3 group (12). Three reasons for this nontransferability to E. coli can be postulated: (i) nontransmissibility owing to some differences in cell surface structure; (ii) no replication of the plasmids after transmission to E. coli strains; and (iii) failure of resistance gene expression in the E. coli system. Some of the plasmids mobilized to E. coli by the presence of P-1 group plasmids can replicate by themselves in that host (12,13,16). In contrast, many plasmids are incapable of replication in E. coli, except by recombination with the mobilizing plasmid (13,20).Recently the isolation frequency of gentamicin-resistant P. aeruginosa strains has increased (3,4,14,18,21,24,26). We have also isolated plasmids mediating gentamicin resistance and transferable by conjugation to a recipient P. aeruginosa strain in 20% of the 91 gentamicinresistant P. aeruginosa isolates from clinical specimens in Japan. Gentamicin-resistance plasmids which were transfer deficient were also found in 56% of the gentamicin-resistant strains. In this report, we examined the genetic properties of such nonconjugative plasmids mediating gentamicin resistance in P. aeruginosa and also in E. coli after being introduced by transformation.MATERIALS AND METHODS Media. Heart infusion agar (Eiken Kagaku Co., Tokyo, Japan) and peptone water were used for the determination of drug resistance. Peptone water con-

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Plasmid-mediated gentamicin resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and its lack of expression in Escherichia coli

Kato¹,

Sato²,

Iyobe³

et al. 1982

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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“…Plasmid Rms149 was discovered in a clinical strain, Pseudomonas aeruginosa Ps142, from Frankfurt in Germany (37); it confers multiple antibiotic resistances. It has since been shown to replicate in Escherichia coli after mobilization by an IncP-1 plasmid (21,22).…”

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The IncP-6 Plasmid Rms149 Consists of a Small Mobilizable Backbone with Multiple Large Insertions

et al. 2005

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Plasmid Rms149, the archetype of Pseudomonas plasmid incompatibility group IncP-6, was identified in Pseudomonas aeruginosa as an agent conferring resistance to streptomycin, sulfanilamide, gentamicin, and carbenicillin in 1975. It has been classed as a broad-host-range plasmid due to its ability to replicate in both Escherichia coli (where it is designated IncG) and Pseudomonas species, although both species are ␥-proteobacteria. To provide reference information on this Inc group, we have determined the complete sequence of Rms149 and found that, although the genome comprises 57,121 bp, it is essentially a small mobilizable plasmid carrying multiple mobile elements, which make up 79% (>45 kb) of its genome. A replicon has been identified which encodes a single polypeptide with moderate identity to other replication proteins. The region encoding this protein can replicate in Pseudomonas putida and E. coli. This sequence is directly downstream of a putative partitioning region highly similar to that of pRA2. A functional IncQ-type mobilization region is also present. Thus, the backbone appears to be a novel combination of modules already identified in other plasmid systems. Analysis of the segments that fall outside this core of stable inheritance and transfer functions show that this plasmid has been subject to multiple insertion events and that the plasmid appears to carry a considerable load of DNA that no longer should be phenotypically advantageous. The plasmid therefore functions not just as a vehicle for spread of selective traits but also as a store for DNA that is not currently under selection.The key features of a plasmid are the ability to replicate autonomously and to be maintained in a cell lineage without a high rate of segregational loss. An optional but frequently encountered property is the ability to transfer or to be mobilized from one bacterium to another. From these properties it follows that genes that become associated with a plasmid may spread rapidly from one genetic background to another. Some plasmids appear to consist of nothing more than functions that confer the above core abilities, and these have been termed cryptic plasmids.To succeed as such a selfish element, a plasmid must be stable and confer minimal burden on its host, or at least overcome competitive losses by horizontal transfer (42). Conversely, a plasmid carrying genes that promote the growth of its host, relative to competitor bacteria, will benefit by increased propagation. However, since maintenance of a plasmid is generally found to place a metabolic or phenotypic load on the cell, universally useful genes will be selectively reacquired by the chromosome over evolutionary time. Therefore, successful plasmids typically carry payload genes, favorable in some environments but not others (12), or genes with a transient plasmid association that are spreading through a microbial community. In passing through different strains or species, plasmids are exposed to different genetic contexts and provide the opportunity for comb...

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“…2). However, available information for the IncP-7 group was still limited with regard to basic plasmid functions and the range of its potential hosts (47,52,53). To obtain the consensus information on host ranges of IncP-7 plasmids, minireplicons of three IncP-7 plasmids (pHY118 for pWW53, pMM67 for pCAR1, and pMM68 for pDK1) that carried the repA-oriV-parWASB region (Fig.…”

Section: Features Of Dna Transfer-associated Genesmentioning

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Complete Nucleotide Sequence of TOL Plasmid pDK1 Provides Evidence for Evolutionary History of IncP-7 Catabolic Plasmids

et al. 2010

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To understand the mechanisms for structural diversification of Pseudomonas-derived toluene-catabolic (TOL) plasmids, the complete sequence of a self-transmissible plasmid pDK1 with a size of 128,921 bp from Pseudomonas putida HS1 was determined. Comparative analysis revealed that (i) pDK1 consisted of a 75.6-kb IncP-7 plasmid backbone and 53.2-kb accessory gene segments that were bounded by transposon-associated regions, (ii) the genes for conjugative transfer of pDK1 were highly similar to those of MOB H group of mobilizable plasmids, and (iii) the toluene-catabolic (xyl) gene clusters of pDK1 were derived through homologous recombination, transposition, and site-specific recombination from the xyl gene clusters homologous to another TOL plasmid, pWW53. The minireplicons of pDK1 and its related IncP-7 plasmids, pWW53 and pCAR1, that contain replication and partition genes were maintained in all of six Pseudomonas strains tested, but not in alpha-or betaproteobacterial strains. The recipient host range of conjugative transfer of pDK1 was, however, limited to two Pseudomonas strains. These results indicate that IncP-7 plasmids are essentially narrow-host-range and self-transmissible plasmids that encode MOB H group-related transfer functions and that the host range of IncP-7-specified conjugative transfer was, unlike the situation in other well-known plasmids, narrower than that of its replication.Bacterial genes for the utilization of recalcitrant environmental pollutants such as herbicides, pesticides, and petroleum and other industrial waste compounds are often found on plasmids and chromosomally specified integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs) (57). Although the origins of such catabolic genes still remain unknown, it seems most likely that, once established, the catabolic gene modules spread between plasmids and chromosomes through intracellular movements of insertion sequence (IS)-flanked composite transposons (68) and class II (Tn3-related) transposons (61, 63) and intercellular conjugative transfers of plasmids and ICEs (36, 65). The genes associated with the degradation of man-made xenobiotic compounds (e.g., atrazine, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate, and haloacetates) have predominantly been found on broad-hostrange and incompatibility group P-1 (IncP-1) plasmids, whereas the genes responsible for the degradation of natural aromatic hydrocarbons (e.g., phenol, naphthalene, and toluene/xylenes) via the meta-cleavage catabolic pathways are mainly located on IncP-2, IncP-7, and IncP-9 plasmids, which have been found exclusively in Pseudomonas species (38).Studies of the archetypal 119-kb and IncP-9 toluene/xylenecatabolic (TOL) plasmid pWW0 from Pseudomonas putida mt-2 have greatly contributed to the detailed clarification of genetic and biochemical mechanisms for the aerobic degradation of toluene/xylenes (72). The pWW0-specified xyl genes are organized as four transcriptional units within the class II transposons, Tn4651 and Tn4653 (62): (i) the upper pathway operon (xylXYZLTEGFJQKIH) for the conversion ...

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R Factor‐Mediated Resistance to Aminoglycoside Antibiotics in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Cited by 36 publications

References 17 publications

Plasmid-mediated gentamicin resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and its lack of expression in Escherichia coli

Plasmid-mediated gentamicin resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and its lack of expression in Escherichia coli

The IncP-6 Plasmid Rms149 Consists of a Small Mobilizable Backbone with Multiple Large Insertions

Complete Nucleotide Sequence of TOL Plasmid pDK1 Provides Evidence for Evolutionary History of IncP-7 Catabolic Plasmids

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