The histamine H 3 receptor, a novel histamine receptor subtype, has been identified in rat brain cortical slices and shown to inhibit histamine release 1,2) in the brain and several peripheral tissues.3,4) Inhibitory presynaptic histamine H 3 receptors have also been found on non-histaminergic nerves including cholinergic, 5) adrenergic 6,7) and non-adrenergic noncholinergic nerves. 8) Characterization of histamine H 3 receptor-mediated responses has been greatly facilitated by the development of selective histamine H 3 receptor agonists such as R-(Ϫ)-a methylhistamine (a-methylhistamine), 2,9,10) and antagonists such as thioperamide 2,9) and clobenpropit. 11,12) Various physiological responses to a-methylhistamine, a potent and selective histamine H 3 receptor agonist, have been shown to be reduced by the histamine H 3 receptor antagonists thioperamide and clobenpropit, but not by histamine H 1 or H 2 receptor antagonists. 3,[5][6][7]13) It also has been reported that intravenous administration of a-methylhistamine causes a decrease in systemic blood pressure in the rat and that responses are blocked by histamine H 1 receptor antagonists, but not by histamine H 2 or H 3 receptor antagonists.14) However, the mechanisms of histamine H 3 receptor-mediated vascular relaxant effects induced by a-methylhistamine remain unclear.It is widely accepted that the endothelium at the luminal surface of blood vessels is an important regulator of vascular tone via release of various endothelium-derived endogenous substances, such as relaxing factors (EDRFs) and contracting factors (EDCFs). [15][16][17][18] EDRFs and EDCFs include nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin I 2 (PGI 2 ), endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factors (EDHFs) and endothelin, prostaglandin F 2a , thromboxane A 2 , respectively. Evidence has accumulated that NO, PGI 2 and/or EDHFs play a prominent role in the tone control of the endothelium contact arteries. [19][20][21][22][23] Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the vascular responses mediated by histamine H 3 receptors using a-methylhistamine and the underlying mechanisms in the mesenteric vascular bed of the rat.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
AnimalsMale Wistar rats weighing 220-350 g were used in the present study. The animals were given food and water ad libitum. They were housed in the Animal Research Center of Okayama University at a controlled ambient temperature of 22Ϯ2°C with 50Ϯ10% relative humidity and with a 12-h light/12-h dark cycle (lights on at 8:00 a.m.). This study was carried out in accordance with the Guidelines for Animal Experiments at Okayama University Advanced Science Research Center, Japanese Government Animal Protection and Management Law (No. 105), and Japanese Government Notification on Feeding and Safekeeping of Animals (No. 6). Every effort was made to minimize the number of animals used and their suffering.
Perfusion of Mesenteric Vascular BedsThe animals were anesthetized with pentobarbital-Na (50 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) and mesenteric vascular beds were i...