Untitled

Abstract

Nine isonitrogenous (30% crude protein approximately) and isocaloric (18.23 kJ g -1 ) experimental diets (D1-D9) were formulated either with raw or treated (fermented with fish intestinal bacteria) Eichhornia crassipes leaf meal at 20%, 30% and 40% levels replacing other ingredients partially from a fish meal based reference diet (RD). Two specific strains of fish intestinal bacteria, Bacillus subtilis CY5 (isolated from Cyprinus carpio) and B. megaterium CI3 (isolated from Ctenopharyngodon idella) having extracellular cellulolytic and amylolytic activities, were used for fermentation of Eichhornia leaf meal for 15 days at 37°C. A commercial preparation of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), Lactobacillus acidophilus (Lactobacil) was used as feed supplement along with Bacillus subtilis CY5. Fermentation of leaf meal resulted in reduction of crude fibre, cellulose and hemicellulose contents and the antinutritional factors, tannin and phytic acid. However, free amino acids and fatty acids increased in the fermented leaf meal. The response of rohu fingerlings (4.0±0.14 g) fed the experimental diets for 80 days was compared with fish fed a RD. Both the inclusion level and type of Eichhornia leaf meal in diets significantly affected the growth performance of rohu. Fish fed diets containing 30% leaf meal fermented with CI3 strain performed better in terms of growth response, feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio and apparent net protein utilization followed by diets containing 20% CI3 fermented leaf meal and 20% Bacillus subtilis + LAB fermented leaf meal in comparison with those with the RD. The apparent protein digestibility (APD) was better in fish fed diets containing fermented leaf meal. Highest deposition of protein in carcass was recorded in the group of fish fed 30% Bacillus subtilis + LAB fermented leaf meal diet whereas lipid deposition was highest in the fish fed the RD. It is concluded from the present study that Eichhornia leaf meal fermented with fish gut bacteria exhibiting extracellular enzyme activity can be recommended as a dietary ingredient in diets of Labeo rohita fingerlings up to 40% incorporation level replacing fish meal without any adverse effect on growth of the fish to produce cost effective formulated fish feed. Bacillus subtilis CY5 ile birlikte yem katkısı olarak kullanılmıştır. Su sümbülü yaprağının fermantasyonu, ham selülozun, selüloz ve hemiselüloz içeriğine ve anti-beslenme faktörlerine, tanen ve fitik asite indirgenmesi ile sonuçlanmıştır. Ancak, serbest asitler ve yağ asitleri fermente su sümbülü yaprağında yükselmiştir. 80 gün boyunca deneysel diet ile beslenen Rohu fingerling'in (4.0±0.14 g) tepkisi, RD ile beslenen balık ile kıyaslanmıştır. Dietlerdeki Eichhornia yaprağının hem içerik seviyesi hem de tipi rohu'nun büyüme performansını önemli şekilde etkilemiştir. %30 C13 türü ile fermente edilmiş su sümbülü yaprağı içeren balık yem diyetleri; büyüme tepkisi, yem dönüşüm oranı, protein verimlilik oranı ve belirgin net protein kullanımı açısından daha iyi performans gös...

Physicochemical Characterization of Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms)

“…This may be due to the water quality at the respective locations. The results reported for the same species by others are of the same magnitude: 21.5% by Mako et al (2011), 17% in leaves (Saha andRay 2011), 19% by Promdee et al (2012), 22.9% by Fileto-Pérez et al (2013), and 12.4% in leaves by Sotolu (2012). Table 2 shows the microanalysis of ash.…”

“…The amount of condensed tannins (T) in roots and leaves in our study ranged from 5.4 by aqueous to 6.9 wt.% by ethanolic extraction. This content is higher compared to that reported for leaves (0.98%) in E. crassipes (Saha and Ray 2011) or similar to that found in the bark of Pinus leiophylla (5.8%), Pinus durangensis (6.4%) (Rosales and González 2003), and in the bark of Erythroxylon compactum (5.6%) (Colín et al 2013). However, the tannin content in E. crassipes was lower than the value reported as suitable for commercial potential (Colín-Urieta et al 2013).…”

Invasive Water Hyacinth: Ecology, Impacts and Prospects for the Rural Economy

“…Water hyacinth has been reported to be used as feed for cattle [47,48], goats [49][50][51][52], sheep [53], pigs [54,55], ducks [56,57], rabbits [58,59], fish [45,[60][61][62][63] and other animals.…”

“…Similarly, wilted water hyacinth was stated to reduce digestibility and intake as feed, yet it was also reported as an economically viable substitute in the areas it invaded, as its availability is guaranteed [46]. Another major disadvantage of using water hyacinth as feed is the high crude fibre content of the plant, which may lead to a lower feed conversion (feed/weight gain) ratio and can be an anti-nutritional factor for certain animals [63]. However, this can be overcome through fermentation with added microbes [57,63].…”

“…Another major disadvantage of using water hyacinth as feed is the high crude fibre content of the plant, which may lead to a lower feed conversion (feed/weight gain) ratio and can be an anti-nutritional factor for certain animals [63]. However, this can be overcome through fermentation with added microbes [57,63].…”