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Catherine, Korah Bina; Krishnan, K.; Ninan, K. N.

doi:10.1023/a:1010127727162

Cited by 36 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Previous research [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] of the HTPB curing reaction kinetics focused on the effects of dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTDL), ferric acetylacetonate (FeAA), triphenyl bismuth (TPB) and tin 2-ethylhexanoate (TECH) on the HTPB/IPDI binder system. DBTDL exhibited a strong catalyzing effect on the reaction between isocyanate and alcohols, so-called a gel catalyst.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Curing Reaction Kinetics of the EHTPB-Based PBX Binder System and Its Mechanical Properties

et al. 2020

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In this research, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was employed to compare the curing reaction kinetics of the epoxidized hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene-isophorone diisocyanate (EHTPB-IPDI) and hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene-isophorone diisocyanate (HTPB-IPDI) binder systems. Glass transition temperature (Tg) and mechanical properties of the EHTPB-IPDI and HTPB-IPDI binder systems were determined using the DSC method and a universal testing machine, respectively. For the EHTPB-IPDI binder system, the change of viscosity during the curing process in the presence of dibutyltin silicate (DBTDL) and tin 2-ethylhexanoate (TECH) catalysts was studied, and the activation energy was estimated. The results show that the activation energies (Ea) of the curing reaction of the EHTPB-IPDI and HTPB-IPDI binder systems are 53.8 and 59.1 kJ·mol−1, respectively. While their average initial curing temperatures of the two systems are 178.2 and 189.5 °C, respectively. The EHTPB-IPDI binder system exhibits a higher reactivity. Compared with the HTPB-IPDI binder system, the Tg of the EHTPB-IPDI binder system is increased by 5 °C. Its tensile strength and tear strength are increased by 12% and 17%, respectively, while its elongation at break is reduced by 10%. Epoxy groups and isocyanates react to form oxazolidinones, thereby improving the mechanical properties and thermal stability of polyurethane materials. These differences indicate that the EHTPB-IPDI binder system has better thermal stability and mechanical properties. During the EHTPB-IPDI binder system’s curing process, the DBTDL catalyst may ensure a higher viscosity growth rate, indicating a better catalytic effect, consistent with the prediction results obtained using the non-isothermal kinetic analysis method.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Curing Reaction Kinetics of the EHTPB-Based PBX Binder System and Its Mechanical Properties

et al. 2020

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“…This feature is good for shortening curing time and for avoiding solid formation sedimentation [9]. In the previous literatures [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20], the study of HDItrimer as curing agent and its influence on the pot life of HTPB-based binder systems in PBXs and solid propellants (i.e., processability of PBXs/propellant slurry) is seldom. Therefore, we employ cyclized isocyanate HDI-trimer as the curing agent in the present work.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, we employ cyclized isocyanate HDI-trimer as the curing agent in the present work. The catalytic action of metallo-organic compounds, such as dibutyl tin dilaurate (DBTDL) and ferrric tris-acetylacetonate (FeAA), on the HAPB-based PU systems has been reported by different authors [10,11,[15][16][17][18][19][20]. Usually, these metallo-organic catalysts have strong catalytic effect on the HTPB-based PU binder system, which significantly accelerates the curing reaction rate of the binder system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, looking for a catalyst with moderate catalytic activity is an important work for the researchers. As for the HTPB/HDI-trimer binder system, the catalytic activity of the tertiary amine catalyst 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) is lower than those of DBTDL and FeAA catalysts [15,18,21]. DABCO is a bis-heterocyclic tertiary amine compound with a unique cage structure, which has high catalytic activity on isocyanate groups [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Catalyzed HTPB/HDI-Trimer Curing Reactions and Influence on Pot Life

et al. 2020

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In this research, rheokinetics is used to study the curing reaction of hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) and trimer of hexamethylene-1,6-diisocyanate (HDI-trimer) with 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) as catalyst under different catalyst mass fraction. The results show that the pot life of the system depends on the catalyst mass fraction in the binder system. Furthermore, with increased catalyst mass fraction, the fitting diagram obtained by plotting ln (viscosity) versus curing time shows a better linear relationship. Therefore, the amount of catalyst required to achieve a certain pot life can be calculated through the formula. It is worth mentioning that the applicable pot life equations are proposed in the paper. From the equations, we find that under isothermal curing conditions at 35 °C, when the mass fraction of DABCO was 0.216 wt.%, the pot life of the HTPB/HDI-trimer binder system reaches 4 h.

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“…The rocket fuel composed of ammonium nitrate (AN) as an oxidizer instead of ammonium perchlorate (AP), powdered aluminum (Al) as a metal fuel, polyester resin as a binder, ammonium bi-chromate as curing agent and powdered charcoal as opacifier [10,12]. Ammonium bi-chromate was used as a cross-linker to cure polyester resin and basically chosen because of its higher pot life [5]. However, replacing the AP with ammonium nitrate will also provide a good propellant performance with lower environmental impact [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal design of a composite propellant formulation using response surface methodology

Hamed¹,

Ogunleye

Osheku³

2017

Advances in Materials Science

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There is a continuous demand for high performance composite propellant formulations to meet mission requirements. The performance of composite propellant formulations can be enhanced by optimizing propellant formulation. However, the main objective of this study is to formulate a composition for composite propellant by optimizing the specific impulse which is the measure of propellant performance. A central composite design (ccd) consisting five ingredients (ammonium nitrate, powdered aluminum, polyester resin, ammonium dichromate and powdered charcoal) at five levels was used to formulate optimum propellant formulation from composite materials of ammonium nitrate based propellant verified for propellant characteristics using propellant performance evaluation programme (propep 3). The responses evaluated are specific impulse, characteristic velocity, density, temperature and molecular weight. Response surface methodology was used to analyze the results of the ccd of the composite formulations. The optimum values for specific impulse, characteristic velocity, density, temperature and molecular weight of the mixture from the surface plot are 212.178 s, 1335.81 m/s, 1640.6 k g/m3, 1968.73 k and 21.7722 g/mol respectively. The optimum predicted specific impulse was 212.178 s at composite composition of 73.61% ammonium nitrate, 4.36% powdered aluminum, 14.39% polyester resin, 5.10% ammonium dichromate and 2.54% powdered charcoal. The propellant optimum composition validated with propep 3 are in good agreement with each other in their accompany propellant characteristics. Therefore, the optimal propellant formulation enhanced the performance of solid propellants.

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Untitled

Cited by 36 publications

References 19 publications

Curing Reaction Kinetics of the EHTPB-Based PBX Binder System and Its Mechanical Properties

Curing Reaction Kinetics of the EHTPB-Based PBX Binder System and Its Mechanical Properties

Catalyzed HTPB/HDI-Trimer Curing Reactions and Influence on Pot Life

Optimal design of a composite propellant formulation using response surface methodology

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