Rabbit Growth, Carcass Characteristic, Digestion, Caecal Fermentation, Microflora, and Some Blood Biochemical Components Affected by Oral Administration of Anaerobic Probiotic (Zad®)

Abstract

he current research designed to study the influences of diverse doses of oral administration of anaerobic probiotic (ZAD®) on growth performance, carcass characteristic, digestibility coefficient, caecal activity, microflora and some blood biochemical components of growing rabbits. At 6 weeks (average body weight 539.87±13.35 g), one hundred and eighty weaned male rabbits from New Zealand White (NZW) were randomly distributed to four groups. The control group received orally 0.0 ZAD ® ; the experimental groups administrated orally with 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 ml ZAD ® /rabbit/day, respectively. The experimental period lasted for 8 weeks. Groups 0.25 ZAD ® and 0.5 ZAD ® had improved feed conversion ratio and body weight gain and the lowest mortality rate. In comparison with the control and 1.0 ZAD ® groups, the groups 0.25 ZAD ® and 0.5 ZAD caused a significant increase (P≤0.05) in nitrogen utilization, nutritive value and digestibility coefficients. The different doses of ZAD ® had improved dressing percentage and percentage of edible parts, although parts of total non-edible were decreased (P≤0.001) compared to the group of control. As well as, cecum activity (caecum pH, total volatile fatty acids, acetic, propionic and butyric acid) were improved significantly by administrated orally different doses of probiotic ZAD ® 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 ml/rabbit/day compared with the control group. The opposite trend was observed in ammonia concentration which had been reduced significantly by administrated all doses of ZAD ®. In addition, a total number of anaerobic bacteria were less than those of total microbial count and coliform group but, they have the same trend of decreasing the number as the amount of anaerobic probiotic ZAD ® increased. Also, fermentation of lactobacilli take the opposite trend as the amount of probiotic ZAD ® increased the lactobacilli number increased. As streptococci isolated was lower than lactobacilli group. As the concentration of probiotic ZAD ® increased isolates numbers decreased, also lactobacilli enumeration increased. The serum total protein, albumin, globulin, and albumin: globulin concentration of rabbits received probiotic ZAD ® groups were significantly augmented compared with the group of control. On the contrary, levels of creatinine and urea in rabbit serum were not significantly affected by probiotic oral administration ZAD ®. Alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase enzymes of serum were significantly decreased with augmenting levels of ZAD ®. Serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), lipoproteins of low density (LDL), very low-density lipoproteins, triglycerides, total lipids, and LDL: lipoproteins of high density (HDL) ratio were significantly decreased with augmenting levels of ZAD ®. But, the HDL: TC and HDL: LDL ratio augmented significantly with probiotic oral administration ZAD ® levels.

Probiotics in Rabbit Farming: Growth Performance, Health Status, and Meat Quality

“…The results reported by Mohamed et al [ 27 ] partially agreed with the abovementioned, as no significant effect was reported on globulin, while a significant increase in WBC and total protein in growing rabbits fed with diets supplemented with Lactobacillus acidophilus were observed. An increase of total protein along with an increase in globulins was observed by other authors [ 25 , 41 ]. Fathi et al [ 25 ], in local breed growing rabbits fed with two different doses of probiotic containing Bacillus subtilis , reported a slight increase of total protein level and a similar trend in globulins with the highest dose of probiotic.…”

“…An increment in lactobacilli, due to probiotic diets, was also reported by Shen et al [ 35 ] and Abdel-Azeem et al [ 41 ]. New Zealand White rabbits were fed Lactobacillus casei RABX1 (accession number: KT944253) resuspended in the milk (5–6 × 10 8 CFU/mL) and orally administered from 5 to 13 days of age.…”

“…Fathi et al [ 25 ], in local breed growing rabbits fed with two different doses of probiotic containing Bacillus subtilis , reported a slight increase of total protein level and a similar trend in globulins with the highest dose of probiotic. Similarly, Abdel-Azeem et al [ 41 ], who employed a commercial probiotic product, obtained higher levels of these parameters in treated groups than the control.…”

Influence of Three Probiotics Strains, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. Lactis BB-12 and Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 on the Biochemical and Haematological Profiles and Body Weight of Healthy Rabbits

“…Second, it can be related to the increase in the level of globulins, which constitutes a fraction of serum proteins, indicating a possible improvement in the immunity of rabbits, in particular when Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 is used [ 45 ]. Regarding albumin, which is the main protein component of serum, this fraction can exert an effect on the humoral response and is likely to support the increase in immune organs after probiotic treatment [ 46 , 47 ]. The sex effect observed for these two parameters, mainly with higher amounts for males compared to females, is in contrast to those reported in the literature [ 48 ].…”

Study of Probiotic Effects of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 and Lactobacillus plantarum 299v Strains on Biochemical and Morphometric Parameters of Rabbits after Obesity Induction

“…Our findings are overall in accordance with those of earlier studies [85][86][87], who reported that the levels of total serum proteins, albumin, globulin and AP, of rabbits given probiotics were not affected. In a similar experimental design to our trial, a study [88] reported non-significant results in the levels of creatinine in New Zealand rabbits that consumed multiple doses of anaerobic probiotics during a period of 56 days. On the other hand, the rabbits of our trial did not exhibit liver damage, because none of the blood metabolites were altered among the groups that received the probiotics.…”