Rabi Oscillations of Excitons in Single Quantum Dots

Stievater, Todd H.; Li, Xiaoqin; Steel, Duncan G.; Gammon, D.; Katzer, D. S.; Park, D.; Piermarocchi, Carlo; Sham, L. J.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.87.133603

Cited by 696 publications

(515 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…They have generally a higher gain bandwidth than conventional devices based on semiconductor quantum-wells due to the inhomogeneous broadening of the localized quantum-dot states, allowing for a broadband amplification. Additionally, due to the coupling to a charge-carrier reservoir by charge-carrier scattering rates in the picosecond range, ultrafast gain recovery Furthermore, the comparably slow dephasing time of the microscopic inter-band polarization in the localized quantum-dot states [BOR01a,BOR02,KOP11] allows the possibility to directly observe quantum-mechanical effects, such as Rabi-oscillations [STI01b,KAM02,BOR02a,KOL13,CAP14] or self-induced transparency [ICS69,SCH03g]. This could potentially open up new applications in the signal processing of ultra-short, ultra-strong optical pulses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlinear and Nonequilibrium Dynamics of Quantum-Dot Optoelectronic Devices

Lingnau

2015

Springer Theses

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In this thesis the dynamics and performance of optoelectronic devices based on semiconductor quantum-dots are investigated.In the first part, the dynamics of quantum-dot lasers under external perturbations is discussed. Using a microscopically based balance equation model that incorporates detailed charge-carrier scattering dynamics and the possibility to describe nonequilibrium between intra-band electronic states, the relaxation oscillations of the quantum-dot laser are investigated. Three qualitatively different dynamic regimes are identified in dependence of the scattering rates -the "constantreservoir" regime for slow scattering, the "overdamped" regime, and the "synchronized" regime for high scattering -characterized by a varying degree of nonequilibrium between the quantum-dot and reservoir states.Important differences to conventional lasers are found in the modulation response and the dynamics in optical injection and feedback setups. Common theoretical models and approaches used to describe these applications are shown to yield inaccurate predictions, especially in the "constant-reservoir" and "overdamped" dynamic regimes. An important consequence is that the amplitude-phase coupling in quantum-dot lasers, commonly described by the α-factor, differs from conventional descriptions due to the desynchronization of gain and refractive index. While the α-factor describes bifurcations of fixed points accurately, it fails in describing dynamic solutions and overestimates the extent of complex dynamics. The observed low sensitivity to optical perturbations in quantum-dot lasers can therefore be attributed partly to the charge-carrier nonequilibrium. Three quantum-dot laser models on different levels of sophistication are presented that can accurately describe the quantum-dot nonequilibrium dynamics.In the second part of the thesis, the performance of quantum-dot semiconductor optical amplifiers is investigated, and two types of applications unique to quantum-dots as active medium are discussed. The ground and excited states of the quantum-dots allow an ultra-broad-band amplification of optical data streams. Amplified signals on the ground-state frequencies are shown to generally exhibit higher quality than on the excited state, due to a lower sensitivity of the groundstate to carrier-density variations. Nevertheless the quantum-dot amplifier is found to allow effective amplification on both frequency ranges. Furthermore, a parameter range is identified that allows for a simultaneous amplification of data signals on the ground and excited state in a counter-propagating setup.The long microscopically polarization dephasing times in quantum-dots are found to enable quantum-coherent interactions on a macroscopic scale at room-temperature. By comparison with experiments, the occurrence of Rabi-oscillations by amplification of ultra-short pulses is demonstrated. Quantum-dot based devices could therefore be used for future applications based on quantum-coherent effects.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlinear and Nonequilibrium Dynamics of Quantum-Dot Optoelectronic Devices

Lingnau

2015

Springer Theses

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“…Light-matter interactions in optical cavities is being intensively studied, well beyond the laser concept and now encompassing both fundamental investigations and application in light emission, nonlinear optics and quantum information [1][2][3] . Coupled microcavities introduce additional degrees of freedom, both for materials and the cavity interactions, and have attracted increasing attention.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coupling of exciton-polaritons inlow−Qcoupled microcavities beyond the rotating wave approximation

et al. 2015

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We have demonstrated coupling between a pair of ultrastrong light-matter coupled microcavities composed of neat glassy organic dye films between metallic (silver) mirrors at room temperature. Based upon our modified coupled oscillator model, we have observed that the degeneracy between the Rabi splittings associated with the symmetric and antisymmetric cavity modes is broken by the higher-order anti-resonant terms in the Hamiltonian associated with the breakdown of the rotating wave approximation in the ultrastrong coupling regime. These results are in quantitative agreement with both experiment and transfer matrix modeling. The component cavities are characterized by Q factors around 12 and display a large vacuum Rabi splitting around 1.12 eV between the upper and lower polariton branches, which is about 52% of the excited state energy, thus indicating ultrastrong coupling in each individual cavity. This large splitting is due to the large oscillator strength of the neat dye glass. We have also observed large polariton-induced incidence-side asymmetry in reflection spectra in a coupled cavity pair with one cavity having no exciton.

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“…Early optical experiments on semiconductor QDs demonstrated the well known two-level behaviour of Rabi flopping [21][22][23], where an excitation is driven from the ground state to the excited state and back again. However, the observed "flopping" behaviour is heavily damped, since semiconductor QDs suffer from the usual solid-state problems of environment-induced decoherence [24][25][26][27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On‐chip single photon sources using planar photonic crystals and single quantum dots

Yao

Rao

Hughes³

2010

Laser & Photonics Reviews

157

184

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We review the basic light-matter interactions and optical properties of chip-based single photon sources, that are enabled by integrating single quantum dots with planar photonic crystals. A theoretical framework is presented that allows one to connect to a wide range of quantum light propagation effects in a physically intuitive and straightforward way. We focus on the important mechanisms of enhanced spontaneous emission, and efficient photon extraction, using all-integrated photonic crystal components including waveguides, cavities, quantum dots and output couplers. The limitations, challenges, and exciting prospects of developing on-chip quantum light sources using integrated photonic crystal structures are discussed.A sequence of optical pulses (top right) interacting with a single quantum dot embedded in a photonic crystal system, resulting in the emission of a train of single photons on-chip.

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Rabi Oscillations of Excitons in Single Quantum Dots

Cited by 696 publications

References 24 publications

Nonlinear and Nonequilibrium Dynamics of Quantum-Dot Optoelectronic Devices

Nonlinear and Nonequilibrium Dynamics of Quantum-Dot Optoelectronic Devices

Coupling of exciton-polaritons inlow−Qcoupled microcavities beyond the rotating wave approximation

On‐chip single photon sources using planar photonic crystals and single quantum dots

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