Rabi Spectroscopy and Sensitivity of a Floquet Engineered Optical Lattice Clock

Abstract

We periodically modulate the lattice trapping potential of a 87Sr optical clock to Floquet engineer the clock transition. In the context of atomic gases in lattices, Floquet engineering has been used to shape the dispersion and topology of Bloch quasi-energy bands. Differently from these previous works manipulating the external (spatial) quasi-energies, we target the internal atomic degrees of freedom. We shape Floquet spin quasi-energies and measure their resonance profiles with Rabi spectroscopy. We provide the spectroscopic sensitivity of each band by measuring the Fisher information and show that this is not depleted by the Floquet dynamical modulation. The demonstration that the internal degrees of freedom can be selectively engineered by manipulating the external degrees of freedom inaugurates a novel device with potential applications in metrology, sensing and quantum simulations.

The time-domain Landau-Zener-Stuckelberg-Majorana interference in optical lattice clock

“…Recently, it has been realized in one dimensional 87 Sr OLC system by modulating the lattice frequency around the "magic" wavelength [34,35]. Due to the Doppler effect, the dynamics of internal clock transition is governed by a photonassisted LZSM Hamiltonian [23,29,36] Ĥnz,nx…”

“…where δ is the frequency difference between the two-level energy gap and clock laser, ω s is the driving frequency, A is the renormalized dimensionless driving amplitude, and g nz,nx is the clock laser coupling strength of the external energy level |n z , n x [34,37]. As demonstrated in previous work [34], more than ten Floquet sidebands are clearly observed with stable spectroscopy sensitivity, and it can be well understood under the resolved side-band approximation (RSBA) in the parameter region ω s g nz,nx . Meanwhile, the dynamics of the Floquet sidebands show smooth sinusoidal behavior which follows the Rabi oscillations with effective coupling strengths modified by Bessel functions.…”

“…Our proposal is based on the experimental realized driven OLC system with Hamiltonian Eq. ( 1) [34]. Different from previous paper [34] working on the RSBA, we enter into the parameter regions beyond RSBA and make use of the Floquet theory to solve the system and get accurate numerical results.…”

“…( 1) [34]. Different from previous paper [34] working on the RSBA, we enter into the parameter regions beyond RSBA and make use of the Floquet theory to solve the system and get accurate numerical results. Meanwhile, we also give an analytic expression and qualitative explanation with the analytic approach -adiabaticimpulse model (AIM) [23,38] to describe the time evolution of the system.…”

“…The AIM results agree well with the numerical results from the Floquet approach, and the time-domain LZROs are found in both limit.In the slowpassage limit, we found the analytic expression of coarsegrained oscillation with effective Rabi frequency is also suitable for the half-integer period in the adiabatic basis. At last, the fixing of zero detuning in the real experiment parameter region is analyzed, so that the time-domain LZSM interference can be possibly experimental observed in the driven OLC platform under proper chosen parameter region [34].…”