Rabies awareness in eight Asian countries

Dodet, Betty; Goswami, Amlan; Gunasekera, Amila; Guzman, Ferdinand de; Jamali, Seemin; Montalban, Cecilia; Purba, Wilfried H.; Quiambao, Beatriz P.; Salahuddin, Naseem; Sampath, Gadey; Tang, Qing; Tantawichien, Terapong; Wimalaratne, Omala; Ahmad, Zahoor

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.09.003

Cited by 77 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Other studies have found that children and young people were the most vulnerable group for animal bites (Knobel et al, 2005;Sriaroon et al, 2006;Dodet et al, 2008;Shumuye et al, 2014). The reason for this vulnerability is likely their countenance of natural affection for animals, particularly cats and dogs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Rabies in and Around Lafia Metropolis, Nigeria

Rine¹

2017

CAJPH

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Abstract:Rabies is endemic in Nigeria and other developing countries, killing 55,000 people annually. This descriptive cross-sectional study assessed the knowledge, attitudes and practices of rabies in and around Lafia, Central Nigeria. Semistructured questionnaires were administered to 200 consenting respondents from urban and sub-urban areas in Lafia. Of the 200 respondents, 76.5% heard of rabies with 89% and 64% from urban and sub-urban areas. There was no significant difference on the awareness of rabies among respondents from urban and sub-urban areas (P>0.05). Although there was misperception about the cause of rabies, 41% of the respondents indicated that it can be transmitted through dog bite and contact with open wound, as 36.5% were aware that human and other domestic animals can be affected by rabies. Sudden change in behavior was the obvious clinical manifestation after dog bite as asserted by 42.5% of the respondents. Majority (54.0%) of the respondents will seek post-exposure prophylaxis after dog bite, 18.5% will seek traditional treatment, 16.5% both the later and the former while 11.0% will not take any measure. However, 77.5% of the respondents indicated that legs were the commonest place of dog bite, 69.5% mentioned children as the most risky population. Only 14.0% and 18.5% of the respondents vaccinated their dog and were also vaccinated against rabies while 25.5% and 22.5% recorded the availability of both vaccines. After dog bite, 53.5% and 37.5% of the respondents will prefer to tie and kill the dogs, as 9.0% will take no action. Therefore, the need for rabies awareness programmes within the study area is vital. Rabies vaccines, immunoglobulin and facilities that administer them must become affordable and readily available locally for both dogs and humans.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Rabies in and Around Lafia Metropolis, Nigeria

Rine¹

2017

CAJPH

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“…Rabies is a notifiable disease in most developed countries; however, cases are generally underreported in countries like Pakistan and there is a poor understanding of the disease burden [5]. South Asia is one of the few regions of the world where the epidemiology of rabies is driven through the urban cycle (primary transmission of the virus occurs through dog-bites rather than wildlife), even though effective control and preventative measures for the disease have long been established [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographic Variation in Access to Dog-Bite Care in Pakistan and Risk of Dog-Bite Exposure in Karachi: Prospective Surveillance Using a Low-Cost Mobile Phone System

et al. 2013

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BackgroundDog-bites and rabies are under-reported in developing countries such as Pakistan and there is a poor understanding of the disease burden. We prospectively collected data utilizing mobile phones for dog-bite and rabies surveillance across nine emergency rooms (ER) in Pakistan, recording patient health-seeking behaviors, access to care and analyzed spatial distribution of cases from Karachi.Methodology and Principal FindingsA total of 6212 dog-bite cases were identified over two years starting in February 2009 with largest number reported from Karachi (59.7%), followed by Peshawar (13.1%) and Hyderabad (11.4%). Severity of dog-bites was assessed using the WHO classification. Forty percent of patients had Category I (least severe) bites, 28.1% had Category II bites and 31.9% had Category III (most severe bites). Patients visiting a large public hospital ER in Karachi were least likely to seek immediate healthcare at non-medical facilities (Odds Ratio = 0.20, 95% CI 0.17–0.23, p-value<0.01), and had shorter mean travel time to emergency rooms, adjusted for age and gender (32.78 min, 95% CI 31.82–33.78, p-value<0.01) than patients visiting hospitals in smaller cities. Spatial analysis of dog-bites in Karachi suggested clustering of cases (Moran's I = 0.02, p value<0.01), and increased risk of exposure in particular around Korangi and Malir that are adjacent to the city's largest abattoir in Landhi. The direct cost of operating the mHealth surveillance system was USD 7.15 per dog-bite case reported, or approximately USD 44,408 over two years.ConclusionsOur findings suggest significant differences in access to care and health-seeking behaviors in Pakistan following dog-bites. The distribution of cases in Karachi was suggestive of clustering of cases that could guide targeted disease-control efforts in the city. Mobile phone technologies for health (mHealth) allowed for the operation of a national-level disease reporting and surveillance system at a low cost.

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“…Additionally, in most developing countries (with some notable exceptions), there is a lack of awareness among the population, including medical practitioners and health authorities, about the widespread extent of the disease and the risk of transmission from dogs to human populations [6]–[8]. Additionally, the infrastructure for the management of rabies exposure is scarce.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%