Rabies in Bats from Alabama

Hester, Laura C.; Best, Troy L.; Hudson, M. Keith

doi:10.7589/0090-3558-43.2.291

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…In disagreement with Hester et al 12 , who reported that rabies prevalence in solitary species submitted for rabies diagnosis in the USA and Canada is consistently greater than in colonial species, even though the largest number of rabies cases were determined in the colonial bat Eptesicus fuscus, in this work, only six of the rabiespositive bats were from solitary species. In our sample, prevalence seems be more directly related to species habit in urban areas, which use cramped locals as shelter with intense body contact among individuals, than solitary or colonial species.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…However, this difference regarding sex was not observed by others authors 12,15,16 . In some species, females live in maternity colonies segregated from the males.…”

Section: Conflict Of Interest Referencescontrasting

confidence: 42%

“…Bats collected by the public are often sick or injured and therefore represent a biased subpopulation of bats more likely to be infected with rabies, such that rabies prevalence tends to be higher 11,13,14 . In studies where presumed healthy bats captured during flight were screened for the rabies virus, prevalence is consistently reported as less than 2% 12 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rabies diagnosis and serology in bats from the State of São Paulo, Brazil

Almeida

Martorelli

Sodré

et al. 2011

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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Introduction: Bats are one of the most important reservoirs and vectors of the rabies virus in the world. Methods: From 1988 to 2003, the Zoonosis Control Center in São Paulo City performed rabies diagnosis on 5,670 bats by direct immunofluorescent test and mouse inoculation test. Blood samples were collected from 1,618 bats and the sera were analyzed using the rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test to confirm rabies antibodies. Results: Fortyfour (0.8%) bats were positive for rabies. The prevalence of rabies antibodies was 5.9% using 0.5IU/ml as a cutoff. Insectivorous bats (69.8%) and bats of the species Molossus molossus (51.8%) constituted the majority of the sample; however, the highest prevalence of antibodies were observed in Glossophaga soricina (

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…However, this difference regarding sex was not observed by others authors 12,15,16 . In some species, females live in maternity colonies segregated from the males.…”

Section: Conflict Of Interest Referencescontrasting

confidence: 42%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rabies diagnosis and serology in bats from the State of São Paulo, Brazil

Almeida

Martorelli

Sodré

et al. 2011

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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“…This is attributed to their territorial behavior and increased aggression during the mating season (60). In contrast, in North American insectivorous bat species, rabies was detected evenly in males and females (11,20,24) or the occurrence of infection among females was greater than among males (7,8). The latter was also true for EBLV-1-infected insectivorous bats in The Netherlands (63).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lagos Bat Virus in Kenya

et al. 2008

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During lyssavirus surveillance, 1,221 bats of at least 30 species were collected from 25 locations in Kenya. One isolate of Lagos bat virus (LBV) was obtained from a dead Eidolon helvum fruit bat. The virus was most similar phylogenetically to LBV isolates from Senegal (1985) and from France (imported from Togo or Egypt; 1999), sharing with these viruses 100% nucleoprotein identity and 99.8 to 100% glycoprotein identity. This genome conservancy across space and time suggests that LBV is well adapted to its natural host species and that populations of reservoir hosts in eastern and western Africa have sufficient interactions to share pathogens. High virus concentrations, in addition to being detected in the brain, were detected in the salivary glands and tongue and in an oral swab, suggesting that LBV is transmitted in the saliva. In other extraneural organs, the virus was generally associated with innervations and ganglia. The presence of infectious virus in the reproductive tract and in a vaginal swab implies an alternative opportunity for transmission. The isolate was pathogenic for laboratory mice by the intracerebral and intramuscular routes. Serologic screening demonstrated the presence of LBV-neutralizing antibodies in E. helvum and Rousettus aegyptiacus fruit bats. In different colonies the seroprevalence ranged from 40 to 67% and 29 to 46% for E. helvum and R. aegyptiacus, respectively. Nested reverse transcription-PCR did not reveal the presence of viral RNA in oral swabs of bats in the absence of brain infection. Several large bat roosts were identified in areas of dense human populations, raising public health concerns for the potential of lyssavirus infection.

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“…However, tricolored bats were more frequently submitted in Tennessee compared with neighbor states Alabama and South Carolina (Parker et al 1999;Hester et al 2007). Bat species was a key predictor of rabid bats and the highest proportion was observed among lasiurine bats.…”

Section: Species Composition Of Submissions Inmentioning

confidence: 94%

Rabies Surveillance Among Bats in Tennessee, Usa, 1996–2010

Gilbert

McCracken

Sheeler

et al. 2015

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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ABSTRACT:Rabies virus (RABV) infects multiple bat species in the Americas, and enzootic foci perpetuate in bats principally via intraspecific transmission. In recent years, bats have been implicated in over 90% of human rabies cases in the US. In Tennessee, two human cases of rabies have occurred since 1960: one case in 1994 associated with a tricolored bat (Perimyotis subflavus) RABV variant and another in 2002 associated with the tricolored/silver-haired bat (P. subflavus/ Lasionycteris noctivagans) RABV variant. From 1996 to 2010, 2,039 bats were submitted for rabies testing in Tennessee. Among 1,943 bats in satisfactory condition for testing and with a reported diagnostic result, 96% (1,870 of 1,943) were identified to species and 10% (196 of 1,943) were rabid. Big brown (Eptesicus fuscus), tricolored, and eastern red (Lasiurus borealis) bats comprised 77% of testable bat submissions and 84% of rabid bats. For species with five or more submissions during 1996-2010, the highest proportion of rabid bats occurred in hoary (Lasiurus cinereus; 46%), unspecified Myotis spp. (22%), and eastern red (17%) bats. The best model to predict rabid bats included month of submission, exposure history of submission, species, and sex of bat.

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Rabies in Bats from Alabama

Cited by 6 publications

References 28 publications

Rabies diagnosis and serology in bats from the State of São Paulo, Brazil

Rabies diagnosis and serology in bats from the State of São Paulo, Brazil

Lagos Bat Virus in Kenya

Rabies Surveillance Among Bats in Tennessee, Usa, 1996–2010

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