Rabies of wild mammals in Russia at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries

Сидоров, Г. Н.; Сидорова, Д. Г.; Полещук, Е. М.

doi:10.1134/s1062359010070034

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Raccoon dogs were highly susceptible to experimental inoculation with the RABV strain isolated in the Russian Far East in 1980 (presumably Acrtic-like-2), and all became ill even after a dose of 5 MICLD 50 . At the same time, some foxes did not become ill after a dose of 100 times more [28] . In 2007, raccoon dogs became ill during an outbreak of rabies caused by the Acrtic-like-2 rabies virus on a fur farm, but rabies was not observed among foxes [16] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Reemergence of arctic-like rabies virus in a rabies-free area in the Amur river basin

Botvinkin,

Poleshchuk,

Chupin

et al. 2023

One Health Implement Res

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Background: A descriptive epidemiological study of the rabies outbreak in the Amur Region of Russia (ARR), which remained rabies-free from 1972 to 2017, was carried out. During 2018-2022, 49 animal rabies cases and one human rabies death were documented in the ARR. This study aimed to detect possible ways of incursion and features of the spatial spread of rabies virus (RABV) in ARR, which was considered rabies-free for 45 years. Methods: After the beginning of the outbreak, 1,450 animal brain samples were tested using a direct fluorescent antibody test. Genetic analysis of RABV isolates was carried out (n = 9). GIS was used to analyze the spatial spread of rabies in ARR and adjacent territories. Results: Rabies has been confirmed in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes ) - 38.8%, raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides ) - 10.2%, wolves (Canis lupus ) - 14.3%, dogs - 18.4% and farm animals - 18.3% (n = 49). The first cases were detected south of the ARR, 30 km from the state border between Russia and China. In 2018-2022, the RABV spread within the forest-steppe landscapes of the Zeya-Bureya Plain northwesterly; the maximum distance from the first recorded event was 192.4 km (Me = 77.6). According to a phylogenetic analysis, the isolates from ARR belonged to the Acrtic-like-2 RABV lineage and showed the maximum similarity to the isolates recovered in the province of Heilongjiang (China, 2011, 2018) and the Jewish Autonomous Region (Russia, 1980). Conclusion: Rabies was most likely introduced by wild carnivores from the adjacent territories of Russia or China, located downstream of the Amur River.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Reemergence of arctic-like rabies virus in a rabies-free area in the Amur river basin

Botvinkin,

Poleshchuk,

Chupin

et al. 2023

One Health Implement Res

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“…In general, wolf attacks on humans can be categorised as: 1) attacks by unhealthy/injured wolves, 2) provoked or defensive attacks and 3) predatory attacks (Linnell et al 2021). Attacks by unhealthy wolves have been reported mainly in areas with rabies prevalence in wildlife, like India (Isloor et al 2014), China (Wang et al 2014), Iran (Gholami et al 2014), Turkey (Turkmen et al 2012;Ambarli 2019), Russia (Sidorov et al 2010), as well as other countries from the Middle East, Eurasia and Asia (Linnell et al 2021). Provoked wolf attacks on humans are rarer and have involved cases where wolves injured humans in defence of their life, prey or offspring (Linnell et al 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dogs, not wolves, most likely to have caused the death of a British tourist in northern Greece

Iliopoulos¹,

Astaras²,

Chatzimichail³

2022

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Wolf (Canis lupus) populations have recovered and expanded across many parts of the world thanks to conservation efforts, including improved legal status and restoration of their prey. Concurrently, public concerns regarding the risk of wolf attacks on humans and livestock are increasing as wolves occupy human-dominated landscapes. We examined a unique case in Europe allegedly involving wolves in the death of a female British tourist, aged 64, in northern Greece in September 2017. This incident received extensive international media attention and yet many fundamental details of the case area are lacking, including whether local livestock guarding dogs played a role. To assist in resolving the case, we conducted an extensive literature review which documented 13 criteria linked to the risk of either a wolf and/or a dog attacking a human. We also conducted a camera trap survey (October to December 2017) soon after the fatal attack to calculate the activity overlap among humans, dogs and wolves. Sufficient data were available for assessing 11 of the 13 criteria. For the remaining two, the required data were either not analysed (i.e. canid DNA collected from the attack site), not appropriately collected (i.e. DNA from the mouths of suspected dogs) or were collected, but misinterpreted (i.e. the post-consumption patterns of the victim’s corpse). Via this combination of evidence, we conclude that this case involved a fatal dog attack. This assertion is supported by evidence such as the: a) high dog-human activity overlap at the attack site which peaked during the attack time as opposed to near zero wolf-human activity overlap at the same time, b) presence of a large pack of unsupervised dogs, c) high ratio of male dogs in the dog pack, d) close vicinity of the attack site to dog owner’s property and e) previous documented aggression of these dogs towards humans. The consumption patterns, time scale and location of the victim’s remains indicate a posthumous consumption of the corpse possibly by the same dogs and/or by wild scavengers including wolves. A multidisciplinary approach, such as this one, in the assessment of putative wildlife attacks on humans can reduce misidentifications of the responsible species by forensic authorities and, therefore, prevent unfounded decrease in public tolerance for large carnivores.

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“…Spatial and temporal patterns in disease distribution provide clues to a better understanding of the epidemiology of the disease. Previous studies in Alaska, Greenland and the former Soviet Union have examined the spatial and temporal distribution of Arctic rabies most often through statistical analyses of diagnosed cases (Kim et al, 2014;Raundrup et al, 2015;Sidorov et al, 2010). An ecological niche model approach has also been used to estimate current and future distributions of Arctic rabies in Alaska (Huettmann et al, 2017).…”

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confidence: 99%

Ecology of Arctic rabies: 60 years of disease surveillance in the warming climate of northern Canada

Simon

Beauchamp

Bélanger

et al. 2021

Zoonoses and Public Health

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Rabies, a potentially fatal zoonotic disease, occurs throughout the Arctic and is an ongoing public health concern for residents of northern communities (Mork & Prestrud, 2004). People are generally exposed to Arctic rabies virus when bitten by a domestic dog (Canis familiaris) that became rabid following contact with infected wildlife (Mork & Prestrud, 2004). The Arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus) is considered the main reservoir and vector of the Arctic rabies virus variant (Mork & Prestrud, 2004).Little is known about the epidemiology of Arctic rabies, particularly with respect to ecological mechanisms driving where and

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Rabies of wild mammals in Russia at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries

Cited by 10 publications

References 2 publications

Reemergence of arctic-like rabies virus in a rabies-free area in the Amur river basin

Reemergence of arctic-like rabies virus in a rabies-free area in the Amur river basin

Dogs, not wolves, most likely to have caused the death of a British tourist in northern Greece

Ecology of Arctic rabies: 60 years of disease surveillance in the warming climate of northern Canada

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