Rabies-Related Viruses

King, A. A.; Crick, Joan

doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-1755-5_8

Cited by 33 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The pathogenesis of an acute lyssavirus infection in mammals is characterised by progression of the disease (rabies), with spread of the virus from the entry site to most areas of the brain and the spinal cord, resulting in death [23]. The hematophagous and insectivorous bats in America also cause the classical rabies symptoms in terrestrial animals including man [27,34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Presence of European bat lyssavirus RNAs in apparently healthy Rousettus aegyptiacus bats

Wellenberg¹,

Audry

Rønsholt³

et al. 2002

Archives of Virology

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Apparently healthy Rousettus aegyptiacus bats were randomly chosen from a Dutch colony naturally infected with European bat lyssavirus subgenotype 1a (EBL1a). These bats were euthanised three months after the first evidence of an EBL1a infection in the colony. EBL1a genomic and antigenomic RNAs of the nucleoprotein gene were detected by nested reverse transcriptase PCR in 75% of the examined Rousettus aegyptiacus bats. The EBL1a RNAs of the nucleoprotein gene were detected mainly in brain tissues, but also in other organs. EBL1a messenger RNAs of the nucleoprotein gene and the glycoprotein gene were detected in brain tissues. The standard fluorescent antibody test revealed the presence of lyssavirus antigens in brain tissues from 7 (17.5%) Rousettus aegyptiacus bats. Furthermore, EBL1a could not be detected by virus isolation on murine neuroblastoma cells or by intracerebral inoculation of suckling mice. Neutralising antibodies directed against EBL1 were detected in 11% of the examined bats. This study shows that at least 85% of the apparently healthy Rousettus aegyptiacus bats must have been infected with EBL1a, and that these bats may survive from an EBL1a infection. Furthermore, the study supports the possibility of a long-term maintenance of EBL1a genome in Rousettus aegyptiacus bats.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Presence of European bat lyssavirus RNAs in apparently healthy Rousettus aegyptiacus bats

Wellenberg¹,

Audry

Rønsholt³

et al. 2002

Archives of Virology

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“…Genotype 1 is found worldwide, with the exception of a few island nations such as Great Britain, Ireland, New Zealand, and Hawaii, the continents of Australia and Antarctica, and an increasing number of Western European countries (2,31). Genotypes 2 to 4 are widely distributed throughout Africa (18), whereas genotypes 5 and 6 are distributed throughout Europe (22). The United Kingdom is considered "rabies-free," with only occasional cases of human rabies arising from contact with rabid animals while abroad (15,24).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Real-Time, TaqMan Reverse Transcription-PCR Assay for Detection and Differentiation of Lyssavirus Genotypes 1, 5, and 6

Wakeley¹,

Johnson²,

McElhinney³

et al. 2005

J Clin Microbiol

133

148

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Several reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) methods have been reported for the detection of rabies andrabies-related viruses. These methods invariably involve multiple transfers of nucleic acids between different tubes, with the risk of contamination leading to the production of false-positive results. Here we describe a single, closed-tube, nonnested RT-PCR with TaqMan technology that distinguishes between classical rabies virus (genotype 1) and European bat lyssaviruses 1 and 2 (genotypes 5 and 6) in real time. The TaqMan assay is rapid, sensitive, and specific and allows for the genotyping of unknown isolates concomitant with the RT-PCR. The assay can be applied quantitatively and the use of an internal control enables the quality of the isolated template to be assessed. Despite sequence heterogeneity in the N gene between the different genotypes, a universal forward and reverse primer set has been designed, allowing for the simplification of previously described assays. We propose that within a geographically constrained area, this assay will be a useful tool for the detection and differentiation of members of the Lyssavirus genus.

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“…Lagos bat virus (LBV; GT 2) was first isolated in Nigeria from the frugivorous bat (Eidolon helvum) in 1956 (Boulger and Porterfield, 1958). This virus was also isolated from the bat Micropteropus pussilus in the Central Africa Republic (Sureau et al, 1980), from the bat Epomophorus wahlbergi in South Africa (Meredith, 1980), cats in South Africa (King and Crick, 1988) and Zimbabwe (Foggin, 1988), and from Serra-Cobo et al, 2002). One human case of EBLV-1 infection occurred following a bat bite in Russia in 1985 (Selimov et al, 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic relationships of Irkut and West Caucasian bat viruses within the Lyssavirus genus and suggested quantitative criteria based on the N gene sequence for lyssavirus genotype definition

et al. 2005

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The nucleoprotein (N), phosphoprotein (P) and glycoprotein (G) genes of Irkut and West Caucasian bat viruses (WCBV) were sequenced and compared with those of other lyssaviruses. N gene nucleotide identities provided unequivocal separation of all lyssavirus genotypes with an identity threshold of 82%. On this basis, Irkut virus should be considered as a new genotype with particular relatedness to genotypes 4 and 5 (78.0-78.6% identity for N gene nucleotides and 90.4-92.6% for amino acids). Furthermore, genotypes 4-6, together with Aravan, Khujand and Irkut viruses, present a solid phylogroup of Old World bat lyssaviruses. This relationship is apparent using all three viral genes, and causes overlap between intragenotype and intergenotype identities for the P gene (Aravan, Khujand viruses and genotype 6) and for the G gene (Aravan, Khujand, genotypes 5 and 6). WCBV is the most divergent of known lyssaviruses with only limited relatedness to genotypes 2 and 3.

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Rabies-Related Viruses

Cited by 33 publications

References 39 publications

Presence of European bat lyssavirus RNAs in apparently healthy Rousettus aegyptiacus bats

Presence of European bat lyssavirus RNAs in apparently healthy Rousettus aegyptiacus bats

Development of a Real-Time, TaqMan Reverse Transcription-PCR Assay for Detection and Differentiation of Lyssavirus Genotypes 1, 5, and 6

Phylogenetic relationships of Irkut and West Caucasian bat viruses within the Lyssavirus genus and suggested quantitative criteria based on the N gene sequence for lyssavirus genotype definition

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