Rabies Virus Glycoprotein-Mediated Transportation and T Cell Infiltration to Brain Tumor by Magnetoelectric Gold Yarnballs

Abstract

T lymphocyte infiltration with immunotherapy potentially suppresses most devastating brain tumors. However, local immune privilege and tumor heterogeneity usually limit the penetration of immune cells and therapeutic agents into brain tumors, leading to tumor recurrence after treatment. Here, a rabies virus glycoprotein (RVG)-camouflaged gold yarnball (RVG@GY) that can boost the targeting efficiency at a brain tumor via dual hierarchy-and RVG-mediated spinal cord transportation, facilitating the decrease of tumor heterogeneity for T cell infiltration, is developed. Upon magnetoelectric irradiation, the electron current generated on the GYs activates the electrolytic penetration of palbociclib-loaded dendrimer (Den[Pb]) deep into tumors. In addition, the high-density GYs at brain tumors also induces the disruption of cell−cell interactions and T cell infiltration. The integration of the electrolytic effects and T cell infiltration promoted by drug-loaded RVG@GYs deep in the brain tumor elicits sufficient T cell numbers and effectively prolongs the survival rate of mice with orthotopic brain tumors.

Recent progress in nanomedicines for imaging and therapy of brain tumors

“…Viruses, ferritin, transferrin, liposomes, dendrimers, polymeric micelles, and carbon, gold, copper, or iron oxide nanoparticles have various advantages, including long-term efficacy, targeting capability, cellular uptake efficiency, improved drug stability, increased circulation time, and BBB/BBTB crossing. 152–156 For example, encapsulation or conjugation of anti-cancer drug molecules with nanocarriers, is capable of crossing the BBB and surpassing or diminishing other limitations such as increased brain distribution and significant growth inhibition of GBM tumors. 154–156…”

“…152–156 For example, encapsulation or conjugation of anti-cancer drug molecules with nanocarriers, is capable of crossing the BBB and surpassing or diminishing other limitations such as increased brain distribution and significant growth inhibition of GBM tumors. 154–156…”

“…(III) (a) Mice brain tumor IVIS images. (b) At various treatments the relative photon intensities of brain tumor 154. Copyright permission © managed from ACS Nano (2022).…”

Microfluidic-based preparation of artificial antigen-presenting gel droplets for integrated and minimalistic adoptive cell therapy strategies

“…However, T cells derived from blood are inefficiently proliferated in vitro, with a high degree of differentiation and low activity among the proliferating cells, and a low percentage of TAS-T cell among the proliferating cells [5][6][7]. When infused back into the treatment, it is difficult for T cells to infiltrate into the melanoma due to the complex tumor microenvironment of melanoma [8][9][10].…”

Expansion microscopy for super-resolution imaging of collagen-abundant tissues

“…In the absence of tissue expansion, other imaging techniques have been employed to capture three-dimensional ultrastructure in tissues with high collagen content 16-18 . Techniques such as focused ion beam and serial block-face scanning electron microscopy have enabled the visualization of three-dimensional ultrastructural features, including neuronal structures and mitochondria in the cornea 16 . However, large-scale ultrastructural mapping, such as visualization of neuronal circuitry, with electron microscopy datasets is limited due to the requirement for tiny sample dimensions.…”