Race and early face-sensitive event-related potentials in children and adults

Anzures, Gizelle; Mildort, Melissa; Fennell, Eli; Bell, Cassandra; Soethe, Elizabeth

doi:10.1016/j.jecp.2021.105287

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…The P100 shows a face sensitive response from 4 years of age (e.g., Taylor et al, 2001), but it is likely due to low-level visual processes (Kuefner et al, 2010). In children, the P100 showed larger amplitudes to OTHER-than ownrace faces, but no latency effects (Anzures et al, 2022).…”

Section: P100 (Or P1)mentioning

confidence: 90%

“…A face race sensitivity was found for the P100, considered as an index of low‐level stimulus processing and attention, and for the N400, an index of semantic categorization for face stimuli (Kutas & Federmeier, 2011). Despite the investigation (Anzures et al, 2022; Timeo, Mento, et al, 2019), no modulation as a function of race was found for the N170, sensitive to face stimuli from childhood on (Kuefner et al, 2010). Thus, this latter will not be discussed further.…”

Section: Literature Searchmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Inclusion criteria were: (i) original articles written in English and assessing human subjects of any age; (ii) articles published from January 1, 1980 to July 1, 2021 (Anzures et al, 2022 is an exception); (iii) investigations on the Other‐Race Effect (ORE), the Other‐Race‐Categorization Advantage (ORCA), race perception, social categorization in racial ingroup/outgroup, attention capture by race; (iv) studies using the electroencephalography to investigate the neural time course of own‐race and other‐race face processing; (v) quantitative ERP analyses.…”

Section: Literature Searchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The P100 shows a face sensitive response from 4 years of age (e.g., Taylor et al, 2001), but it is likely due to low‐level visual processes (Kuefner et al, 2010). In children, the P100 showed larger amplitudes to OTHER ‐ than own‐race faces, but no latency effects (Anzures et al, 2022). The effect was found in Caucasian 5‐ to 7‐year‐olds, 8‐ to 10‐year‐olds and adults as they viewed Asian and Caucasian faces while detecting an occasionally gray picture background.…”

Section: Literature Searchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, effects of idiosyncratic differences on the N100 latency depict a more complex scenario: the latency to own‐race faces decreased with age in children with greater implicit racial bias favoring the other race, while it was stable in children with greater own‐race implicit bias. This could suggest that for children with implicit bias favoring the other race the attentional bias to own race faces could evolve with age (Anzures et al, 2022). However, evidence for P100 race effects is limited to a single racial ingroup (Caucasian) and a single other‐race class (Asian).…”

Section: Literature Searchmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neural timing of the other‐race effect across the lifespan: A review

Serafini

Pesciarelli

2022

Psychophysiology

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Face race influences the way we process faces, so that faces of a different ethnic group are processed for identity less efficiently than faces of one's ethnic group ‐ a phenomenon known as the Other‐Race Effect (ORE). Although widely replicated, the ORE is still poorly characterized in terms of its development and the underlying mechanisms. In the last two decades, the Event‐Related Potential (ERP) technique has brought insight into the mechanisms underlying the ORE and has demonstrated potential to clarify its development. Here, we review the ERP evidence for a differential neural processing of own‐race and other‐race faces throughout the lifespan. In infants, race‐related processing differences emerged at the N290 and P400 (structural encoding) stages. In children, race affected the P100 (early processing, attention) perceptual stage and was implicitly encoded at the N400 (semantic processing) stage. In adults, processing difficulties for other‐race faces emerged at the N170 (structural encoding), P200 (configuration processing) and N250 (accessing individual representations) perceptual stages. Early in processing, race was implicitly encoded from other‐race faces (N100, P200 attentional biases) and in‐depth processing preferentially applied to own‐race faces (N200 attentional bias). Encoding appeared less efficient (Dm effects) and retrieval less recollection‐based (old/new effects) for other‐race faces. Evidence admits the contribution of perceptual, attentional, and motivational processes to the development and functioning of the ORE, offering no conclusive support for perceptual or socio‐cognitive accounts. Cross‐racial and non‐cross‐racial studies provided convergent evidence. Future research would need to include less represented ethnic populations and the developmental population.

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Section: P100 (Or P1)mentioning

confidence: 90%