Race and ethnic differences in additive and multiplicative effects of depression and anxiety on cardiovascular risk

Assari, Shervin

doi:10.4103/2008-7802.173931

Cited by 33 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…In agreement with the differential effect (susceptibility) theory [1,2,3,8], a number of recent studies have found evidence suggesting differential effect of depression on mastery and self-esteem (dysfunctional attitudes about self) across race and ethnic groups [10,12,13,21]. Racial and ethnic group differences have also been found in the effects of depression on hopelessness (dysfunctional attitudes about future) [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 77%

The Link between Mastery and Depression among Black Adolescents; Ethnic and Gender Differences

Assari

Caldwell

2017

Behavioral Sciences

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Purpose: Although the link between depression and lower levels of mastery is well established, limited information exists on ethnic and gender differences in the association between the two. The current study investigated ethnic, gender, and ethnic by gender differences in the link between major depressive disorder (MDD) and low mastery in the United States. Methods: We used data from the National Survey of American Life-Adolescent supplement (NSAL-A), 2003–2004. In total, 1170 Black adolescents entered the study. This number was composed of 810 African-American and 360 Caribbean Black youth (age 13 to 17). Demographic factors, socioeconomic status (family income), mastery (sense of control over life), and MDD (Composite International Diagnostic Interview, CIDI) were measured. Logistic regressions were used to test the association between mastery and MDD in the pooled sample, as well as based on ethnicity and gender. Results: In the pooled sample, a higher sense of mastery was associated with a lower risk of MDD. This association, however, was significant for African Americans but not Caribbean Blacks. Similarly, among African American males and females, higher mastery was associated with lower risk of MDD. Such association could not be found for Caribbean Black males or females. Conclusion: Findings indicate ethnic rather than gender differences in the association between depression and mastery among Black youth. Further research is needed to understand how cultural values and life experiences may alter the link between depression and mastery among ethnically diverse Black youth.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 77%

The Link between Mastery and Depression among Black Adolescents; Ethnic and Gender Differences

Assari

Caldwell

2017

Behavioral Sciences

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“…Understanding of group differences in psychosocial processes that contribute to health and illness is essential for the promotion of health and wellbeing through altering social or psychological factors across diverse populations (Lincoln et al, 2003). This argument is core to the differential effect hypothesis (Assari, 2016d). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Built on the differential effect hypothesis (Assari, 2016b,d; Assari and Lankarani, 2016b; Assari and Sonnega, 2016), we conducted the current study to compare Black and White American older adults for the reciprocal longitudinal associations between depressive symptoms and mastery over time. This hypothesis is in line with what Belsky and others have called ‘differential susceptibility to environmental influences’ or ‘differential susceptibility to the context’ (Belsky, 1997; Boyce and Ellis, 2005; Belsky et al, 2007; Belsky and Pluess, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reciprocal Associations between Depressive Symptoms and Mastery among Older Adults; Black-White Differences

Assari

Lankarani²

2017

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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Purpose: Although higher levels of depressive symptoms and lower levels of sense of mastery tend to be comorbid, limited information exists on racial differences in the longitudinal associations between the two over time. The current study compared Black and White American older adults for the longitudinal links between depressive symptoms and mastery in the United States.Methods: Using data from the Religion, Aging, and Health Survey, 2001–2004, this longitudinal cohort study followed 1493 Black (n = 734) and White (n = 759) elderly individuals (age 66 or more) for 3 years. Depressive symptoms [Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression scale (CES-D), 8 items] and mastery (Pearlin Mastery Scale, 7 items) were measured in 2001 and 2004. Demographics, socio-economics, and physical health were covariates and race was the focal moderator. Multi-group structural equation modeling was used for data analysis, where groups were defined based on race.Results: Among White but not Black older adults, higher levels of depressive symptoms at baseline predicted a greater decline in sense of mastery over 3 years of follow-up. Similarly among Whites but not Blacks, individuals with lower mastery at baseline developed more depressive symptoms over time.Conclusion: Findings are indicative of Black-White differences in reciprocal associations between depressive symptoms and mastery over time. Race alters how depression is linked to changes in evaluation of self (e.g., mastery) over time.

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“…In particular, there is a growing evidence supporting the role of psychosocial factors such as perceived discrimination, stress and depression in mediating and modifying the relationship between disadvantageous social exposures (such as ethnic minority status and low income) and clinical outcomes [9–11]. That the association was minimally attenuated after adjustment for the factors discussed above, may suggest a strong independent effect of CSR.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of cumulative social risk with mortality and adverse cardiovascular disease outcomes

Erqou

Echouffo‐Tcheugui

Kip

et al. 2017

BMC Cardiovasc Disord

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BackgroundQuantifying the cumulative effect of social risk factors on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk can help to better understand the sources of disparities in health outcomes.Method and resultsData from the Heart Strategies Concentrating on Risk Evaluation (HeartSCORE) study were used to create an index of cumulative social risk (CSR) and quantify its association with incident CVD and all-cause mortality. CSR was defined by assigning a score of 1 for the presence of each of 4 social factors: i) racial minority status (Black race), ii) single living status, iii) low income, and iv) low educational level. Hazard ratios (HRs) were computed using Cox-regression models, adjusted for CVD risk factors. Over a median follow-up period of 8.3 years, 127 incident events were observed. The incidence of the primary outcome for subgroups of participants with 0, 1, and ≥2 CSR scores was 5.31 (95% CI, 3.40–7.22), 10.32 (7.16–13.49) and 17.80 (12.94–22.67) per 1000 person-years, respectively. Individuals with CSR score of 1 had an adjusted HR of 1.85 (1.15–2.97) for incident primary outcomes, compared to those with score of 0. The corresponding HR for individuals with CSR score of 2 or more was 2.58 (1.60–4.17).ConclusionAn accumulation of social risk factors independently increased the likelihood of CVD events and deaths in a cohort of White and Black individuals.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12872-017-0539-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Race and ethnic differences in additive and multiplicative effects of depression and anxiety on cardiovascular risk

Cited by 33 publications

References 48 publications

The Link between Mastery and Depression among Black Adolescents; Ethnic and Gender Differences

The Link between Mastery and Depression among Black Adolescents; Ethnic and Gender Differences

Reciprocal Associations between Depressive Symptoms and Mastery among Older Adults; Black-White Differences

Association of cumulative social risk with mortality and adverse cardiovascular disease outcomes

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