Race and ethnicity impact on the maximum proliferative response in peripheral blood lymphocytes from HIV‐seropositive individuals

Kolber, Michael A.; Saenz, María O.; Gómez-Marı́n, Orlando; Tamariz, Leonardo

doi:10.1111/j.1468-1293.2007.00479.x

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Our study showed a poorer CD4+ response for non-whites. Studies have shown that neutropenia is more common in Blacks than Whites [30], although the proliferative response to recall antigen of peripheral blood lymphocytes may be greater in Blacks than Whites [31]. Again, adherence may play a role in the differences by race found in our study [29].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 39%

Long-Term CD4+ Cell Count in Response to Combination Antiretroviral Therapy

et al. 2014

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ObjectiveThere is a continuous debate on how to adequately evaluate long-term CD4+ cell count in response to combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals. Our study evaluated the long-term CD4+ cell count response (up to ten years) after initiation of ART and described the differences in the CD4+ cell count response stratified by pretreatment CD4+ cell count, and other socio-demographic, behavioral, and clinical factors.MethodsThe study population included patients starting ART in the clinical cohorts of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and Baltimore, United States. Inverse probability of censoring weighting was used to estimate mean annual CD4+ cell counts while adjusting for choice of initial ART regimen, ART discontinuation and losses-to-follow-up.ResultsFrom 1997 to 2011, 3116 individuals started ART; preferred initial regimen was NNRTI-based (63%). The median follow-up time was 5 years, 10% of the individuals had nine or more years of follow-up. Observed CD4+ cell counts increased throughout the ten years of follow-up. Weighted results, in contrast, increased up to year four and plateaued thereafter with 50% of the population reaching CD4+ cell counts of 449/μL or more. Out of all stratification variables considered, only individuals with pre-treatment CD4+ cell counts ≥350/μL showed increasing CD4+ cell counts over time with 76% surpassing the CD4+ cell count >500/μL threshold at year ten.ConclusionThe present study corroborates the growing body of knowledge advocating early start of ART by showing that only patients who start ART early fully recover to normal CD4+ cell counts.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 39%

Long-Term CD4+ Cell Count in Response to Combination Antiretroviral Therapy

et al. 2014

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“…T-cell proliferation in response to HCV was more frequent and targeted more viral proteins in adult African-Americans than in Caucasians [ 28 ], and HCV-specific T cells from Caucasians expressed higher levels of the inhibitory molecule PD-1 [ 29 ]. A study on HIV-infected patients on suppressive HAART conducted in the United States reported that black patients had stronger proliferative T-cell responses to fungi than white individuals [ 30 ]. Among patients with pulmonary tuberculosis followed up in the United Kingdom, those of African ancestry produced larger amounts of inflammatory mediators in response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens than those of Eurasian ancestry [ 31 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gag-Specific CD4 and CD8 T-Cell Proliferation in Adolescents and Young Adults with Perinatally Acquired HIV-1 Infection Is Associated with Ethnicity — The ANRS-EP38-IMMIP Study

Chenadec¹,

Scott‐Algara²,

Blanche³

et al. 2015

PLoS ONE

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The ANRS-EP38-IMMIP study aimed to provide a detailed assessment of the immune status of perinatally infected youths living in France. We studied Gag-specific CD4 and CD8 T-cell proliferation and the association between the proliferation of these cells, demographic factors and HIV disease history. We included 93 youths aged between 15 and 24 years who had been perinatally infected with HIV. Sixty-nine had undergone valid CFSE-based T-cell proliferation assays. Gag-specific proliferation of CD4 and CD8 T cells was detected in 12 (16%) and 30 (38%) patients, respectively. The Gag-specific proliferation of CD4 and CD8 T cells was more frequently observed in black patients than in patients from other ethnic groups (CD4: 32% vs. 4%, P = 0.001; CD8: 55% vs. 26%, P = 0.02). Among aviremic patients, the duration of viral suppression was shorter in CD8 responders than in CD8 nonresponders (medians: 54 vs. 20 months, P = 0.04). Among viremic patients, CD8 responders had significantly lower plasma HIV RNA levels than CD8 nonresponders (2.7 vs. 3.7 log10 HIV-RNA copies/ml, P = 0.02). In multivariate analyses including sex and HIV-1 subtype as covariables, Gag-specific CD4 T-cell proliferation was associated only with ethnicity, whereas Gag-specific CD8 T-cell proliferation was associated with both ethnicity and the duration of viral suppression. Both CD4 and CD8 responders reached their nadir CD4 T-cell percentages at younger ages than their nonresponder counterparts (6 vs. 8 years, P = 0.04 for both CD4 and CD8 T-cell proliferation). However, these associations were not significant in multivariate analysis. In conclusion, after at least 15 years of HIV infection, Gag-specific T-cell proliferation was found to be more frequent in black youths than in patients of other ethnic groups, despite all the patients being born in the same country, with similar access to care.

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Race and ethnicity impact on the maximum proliferative response in peripheral blood lymphocytes from HIV‐seropositive individuals

Cited by 2 publications

References 15 publications

Long-Term CD4+ Cell Count in Response to Combination Antiretroviral Therapy

Long-Term CD4+ Cell Count in Response to Combination Antiretroviral Therapy

Gag-Specific CD4 and CD8 T-Cell Proliferation in Adolescents and Young Adults with Perinatally Acquired HIV-1 Infection Is Associated with Ethnicity — The ANRS-EP38-IMMIP Study

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