Race and income disparities in pedestrian injuries: Factors influencing pedestrian safety inequity

Roll, Josh; McNeil, Nathan

doi:10.1016/j.trd.2022.103294

Cited by 17 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 38 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…28 Environmental factors in disparities in pedestrian mortality include greater proximity to high-speed roads and lack of sidewalks and crossings. 29 This study found notable racial and ethnic disparities in disease mortality. Disparities between Black and White youth were particularly large for asthma.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Racial and Ethnic Disparities in All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality Among US Youth

Wolf,

Rivara,

Orr

et al. 2024

JAMA

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ImportanceMortality rates in US youth have increased in recent years. An understanding of the role of racial and ethnic disparities in these increases is lacking.ObjectiveTo compare all-cause and cause-specific mortality trends and rates among youth with Hispanic ethnicity and non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian or Pacific Islander, Black, and White race.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study conducted temporal analysis (1999-2020) and comparison of aggregate mortality rates (2016-2020) for youth aged 1 to 19 years using US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research database. Data were analyzed from June 30, 2023, to January 17, 2024.Main Outcomes and MeasuresPooled, all-cause, and cause-specific mortality rates per 100 000 youth (hereinafter, per 100 000) for leading underlying causes of death were compared. Injuries were classified by mechanism and intent.ResultsBetween 1999 and 2020, there were 491 680 deaths among US youth, including 8894 (1.8%) American Indian or Alaska Native, 14 507 (3.0%) Asian or Pacific Islander, 110 154 (22.4%) Black, 89 251 (18.2%) Hispanic, and 267 452 (54.4%) White youth. Between 2016 and 2020, pooled all-cause mortality rates were 48.79 per 100 000 (95% CI, 46.58-51.00) in American Indian or Alaska Native youth, 15.25 per 100 000 (95% CI, 14.75-15.76) in Asian or Pacific Islander youth, 42.33 per 100 000 (95% CI, 41.81-42.86) in Black youth, 21.48 per 100 000 (95% CI, 21.19-21.77) in Hispanic youth, and 24.07 per 100 000 (95% CI, 23.86-24.28) in White youth. All-cause mortality ratios compared with White youth were 2.03 (95% CI, 1.93-2.12) among American Indian or Alaska Native youth, 0.63 (95% CI, 0.61-0.66) among Asian or Pacific Islander youth, 1.76 (95% CI, 1.73-1.79) among Black youth, and 0.89 (95% CI, 0.88-0.91) among Hispanic youth. From 2016 to 2020, the homicide rate in Black youth was 12.81 (95% CI, 12.52-13.10) per 100 000, which was 10.20 (95% CI, 9.75-10.66) times that of White youth. The suicide rate for American Indian or Alaska Native youth was 11.37 (95% CI, 10.30-12.43) per 100 000, which was 2.60 (95% CI, 2.35-2.86) times that of White youth. The firearm mortality rate for Black youth was 12.88 (95% CI, 12.59-13.17) per 100 000, which was 4.14 (95% CI, 4.00-4.28) times that of White youth. American Indian or Alaska Native youth had a firearm mortality rate of 6.67 (95% CI, 5.85-7.49) per 100 000, which was 2.14 (95% CI, 1.88- 2.43) times that of White youth. Black youth had an asthma mortality rate of 1.10 (95% CI, 1.01-1.18) per 100 000, which was 7.80 (95% CI, 6.78-8.99) times that of White youth.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this study, racial and ethnic disparities were observed for almost all leading causes of injury and disease that were associated with recent increases in youth mortality rates. Addressing the increasing disparities affecting American Indian or Alaska Native and Black youth will require efforts to prevent homicide and suicide, especially those events involving firearms.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…Alcohol-impaired fatalities are more common among American Indian or Alaska Native motorists than those in other groups . Environmental factors in disparities in pedestrian mortality include greater proximity to high-speed roads and lack of sidewalks and crossings …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Racial and Ethnic Disparities in All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality Among US Youth

Wolf,

Rivara,

Orr

et al. 2024

JAMA

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In part, this vulnerability is because of the developing, impaired, and declining cognitive and perceptual faculties of children, pedestrians under the influence, and aging pedestrians, respectively (11)(12)(13)(14). Minority populations, including African Americans and other people of color, the homeless, and lower-income households, are other vulnerable pedestrian groups because of overexposure and their incompatibility with the infrastructure (15)(16)(17). In addition, pedestrian behavior such as midblock crossing (18) and walking under the influence are also known for producing fatal outcomes (19).…”

Section: Factors Determining Severe Outcome In a Pedestrian Crashmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Slippery surfaces amplify driver errors, and loss of visibility increases reaction times, both of which affect the injury outcomes ( 23 , 31 ). Land use patterns, business activities, urban and rural settings, and so forth, also play some role in determining pedestrian injury outcomes ( 15 ).…”

Section: Factors Determining Severe Outcome In a Pedestrian Crashmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are Pedestrian Crashes Becoming More Severe? A Breakdown of Pedestrian Crashes in Urban Tennessee

Parajuli,

Cherry,

Zavisca

et al. 2023

Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation R

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Similar to the nationwide trend of declining pedestrian safety, pedestrian fatalities in Tennessee increased by 117 % between 2009 and 2019. During the same time, pedestrians involved in traffic crashes have only increased by 26 %, suggesting that the reason for the increased number of fatalities is that pedestrian crashes are becoming more severe. The media, and safety advocates speculate about the different scenarios that could be responsible for the decrease in pedestrian safety. Past studies have failed to integrate pedestrian involvement into their studies and confirm whether pedestrian crashes are becoming more severe. Our study collected all reported pedestrian crashes and their outcomes from crash data kept by the Tennessee police, thus providing fatality and involvement numbers. Excluding crashes on controlled access roads, we measured the pedestrian fatality rate (PFR) for essential variables for each year from 2009 to 2019. An upward PFR graph shows that pedestrian crashes are becoming more severe compared with the past. To substantiate our claims with adequate statistical significance, we employed separate Poisson regression models for the pedestrian fatality count and PFR associated with each attribute of pedestrian crashes. The results show that an increase in severity is linked with multilane urban arterials with speeds above 35 mph at midblock locations. The study results also confirm that cars are still the cause of the high fatality rate in Tennessee rather than sport utility vehicles or other large vehicles. We recommend that cities reduce design speeds to 35 mph, increase safe pedestrian crossing opportunities, and install more pedestrian-scale lighting infrastructure on urban arterials.

show abstract

“…According to the US Department of Transportation, fatal MVCs were higher among Hispanics and Latinos compared with non-Hispanic whites from 1999 to 2004 18. Historically, vulnerable or minoritised populations also have a higher likelihood of being a pedestrian injured or killed by a vehicle crash 19. One study demonstrated an association between low neighbourhood socioeconomic status and worse pain outcomes after an MVC 20…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Representation of patients with non-English language preferences in motor vehicle collision trauma and emergency medicine research

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundIndividuals with non-English language preferences (NELP) represent a growing proportion of the USA population. Prior studies demonstrate disparate health outcomes related to NELP status; however, this patient population is often excluded from medical research. There is a paucity of literature describing the impact of NELP status on trauma, specifically injury and outcomes related to vehicle occupants injured during motor vehicle collisions (MVCs). The goal of this study was to evaluate the representation of patients with NELP in both emergency medicine and trauma literature.MethodsWe conducted a systematic search of US-based publications from 2010 to 2021. Titles, abstracts and full texts of eligible articles were evaluated. Data were extracted using an a priori determined standardised reporting tool to evaluate language as study inclusion/exclusion criteria, manuscript reporting of language, assessment of language as a primary variable and consideration of language in study methodology.ResultsA total of 82 studies met inclusion criteria. Twenty-three studies (28%) excluded NELP populations and only one study explicitly included the NELP population. None of the studies evaluated language as a primary outcome of the study or included language as a variable in the analysis. Over half of the studies (53.6%) used a public data set or registry.ConclusionNELP populations are routinely excluded from and are difficult to identify in MVC trauma research. Without appropriate inclusion and identification, it will be difficult to understand the prevalence and outcomes of traumatic injury in NELP patients and to develop culturally and linguistically appropriate interventions.

show abstract

Race and income disparities in pedestrian injuries: Factors influencing pedestrian safety inequity

Cited by 17 publications

References 38 publications

Racial and Ethnic Disparities in All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality Among US Youth

Racial and Ethnic Disparities in All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality Among US Youth

Are Pedestrian Crashes Becoming More Severe? A Breakdown of Pedestrian Crashes in Urban Tennessee

Representation of patients with non-English language preferences in motor vehicle collision trauma and emergency medicine research

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About